자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0016935940

International Standard Book Number  

9798380714792

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

500

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Bittner, Ashley Sarah.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : North Carolina State University., 2023

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023

Physical Description  

1 online resource(271 p.)

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-05, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Grieshop, Andrew.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2023.

Restrictions on Access Note  

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Summary, Etc.  

요약Globally, the combustion of biomass, organic material from plants and animals, is a major contributor to gas and particle air pollution. Biomass combustion can be contained (e.g., an energy source) or occur openly (e.g., wildfire, prescribed burning). Emissions from these activities may contribute to elevated ambient pollutant concentrations, impacting local and regional air quality, and expose nearby populations leading to negative health outcomes.It is difficult to assess and quantify impacts from global biomass burning due to a lack of representative emission measurements and large gaps in the existing air quality monitoring network. Reference grade equipment is costly and complex, requiring human and technical resources and regular maintenance. Instruments must be sited sparsely to optimize their benefit. Traditional ambient monitors are stationary, confining their use to one small region leaving large swaths of area without access to ambient air quality information. Sophisticated emissions monitoring equipment is often restricted to laboratory uses for similar reasons, making it difficult to collect field measurements of emissions from sources during actual use. These technologies are often prohibitively expensive for low-income countries, as a result many of which have little or no data available on local emission sources or air quality conditions. In response to these challenges, manufacturers, researchers, and even the public have turned to portable and low-cost air quality sensors. These technologies may offer a compact, lightweight, and easily transportable alternative and may be ideal for remote settings given that they require little power and can be deployed quickly and affordably. Despite their promise, questions remain about the durability and sensitivity of the sensors, the resulting data quality, and for which kind of applications they are suitable.To investigate the ability of these technologies to address existing data gaps, the goal of this work is to develop methods to evaluate the performance of portable and low-cost technologies under diverse conditions impacted by biomass burning emissions and to demonstrate potential field applications of such sensors. Three case studies are used to explore this goal: 1) the deployment of a temporary ambient air quality monitoring network across central and southern Malawi, 2) the characterization of emissions from traditional household and small-scale industry sources typical in rural Africa, and 3) the evaluation of a mobile monitoring system to characterize air quality conditions in several US locations impacted by wildland fire.The results suggest that portable and low-cost sensor measurements are most reliable when the deployment environment is identical, or highly similar, to the environment used to calibrate and evaluate the sensor. The first case study revealed that long-term, ambient measurements made in deployment environments different from the assessment environment can be unreliable and difficult to interpret, especially in locations with distinct seasonal changes and areas close to ultrafine aerosol sources. However, the second case study showed that properly calibrated, highconcentration range sensors were suitable to characterize field emission measurements from traditional household and industry biomass combustion sources. In-home measurements were comparable to literature measurements of similar sources and measurement uncertainty was small compared to inter-sample variation. Further, in the final case study, calibrated mobile measurements in wildfire-impacted regions were found to be reliable compared to the stationary network, suggesting that mobile sensors can play a vital role in assisting emergency response personnel needing real-time, actionable information on smoke conditions. Overall, the findings of this research support the use of portable and low-cost technologies for spatially and temporally diverse applications, while reinforcing the need for proper evaluation and calibration. This work provides templates for methodologies to evaluate such sensors while highlighting the need for additional research aimed at finding consistent methodologies to improve their long-term reliability and functionality.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Mean square errors.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Biodiesel fuels.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Pollutants.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Humidity.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Application programming interface.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Emissions.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Carbon monoxide.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Biomass.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Outdoor air quality.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Research & development--R&D.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Prescribed fire.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

By products.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Remote sensing.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Sensors.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Carbon dioxide.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Alcohol.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Earth science.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Alternative energy.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Atmospheric sciences.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Computer science.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Energy.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Statistics.

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

North Carolina State University.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-05B.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertation Abstract International

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:642754