자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0016934421

International Standard Book Number  

9798380272049

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

591.18

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Bump, Paul Alexander Kai.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : Stanford University., 2022

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022

Physical Description  

1 online resource(275 p.)

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Lowe, Christopher;Bergmann, Dominique;Palumbi, Stephen;Wang, Bo.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2022.

Restrictions on Access Note  

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Summary, Etc.  

요약Animal life begins as a single cell, the embryo. What then proceeds are a series of processes that result in the familiar and sometimes unfamiliar animals on our planet. How embryos form adult animals has been at the heart of the field of developmental biology. While the origin of animal body plans has long fascinated biologists, most of what we know about adult body plan development comes from species that are formed directly from an embryo, a strategy called direct development. As a result, many questions remain about the formation of adult body plans from species with a distinct larval phase. New tools and techniques, where cellular transformations associated with changes in gross morphology can be studied in detail, have invigorated these lines of investigation in indirect developing species.In this thesis, I utilize the enteropneust hemichordate Schizocardium californicum to characterize the transformation of a larva into an adult. The catastrophic metamorphosis observed in animals such as fruit flies and sea urchins led to general hypotheses that adults form from cell populations separate from the larva. However, I present descriptive and molecular evidence that metamorphosis in some species, like S. californicumstudied here, metamorphosis is far more transformational than catastrophic.The origin of adult body plan structures prior to the start of metamorphosis features prominently in theories of adult body plan development, but the detailed patterns of cell proliferation and cell death that give rise to the adult remains uncertain. Here, I use a combination of cell-labeling strategies in S. californicumto identify the distribution of proliferating and dying cells in larval and adult body plans and through metamorphosis. I found that adult tissues proliferate during the late larval phase prior to the start of overt metamorphosis and that cell death increases with the onset of metamorphosis.Investigating cellular composition provides another avenue for comparing larval and adult body plans. With single-cell RNA sequencing I defined larval and adult cell states by transcriptional similarity. Then, with a new form of in-situhybridization called hybridization chain reaction (HCR), we returned to the organism and discovered when and where important transcripts that describe the transcriptional identity of cells were expressed. While previous data of metamorphosis have been descriptive at a morphological level, this dataset provides descriptions at a cellular level and a framework for future studies to test the implications of this work.Two other aspects of body plan formation that I examined in this thesis included the formation of the adult via regenerative mechanisms and the implications of life history strategy on embryonic signaling. Regeneration in hemichordates provides another opportunity to ask how to build the adult body plan and ask to what extent development is recapitulated in regeneration. Finally, life history trajectory must influence our consideration of embryonic signaling. How does early patterning differ if a larva forms versus an adult? These data overall highlight the critical importance of divergent life history strategies for unraveling the different strategies for forming the adult animal body plan.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Nervous system.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Worms.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Genes.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Apoptosis.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Cell growth.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Stem cells.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Morphology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Developmental biology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Cell division.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Biology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Cellular biology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Neurosciences.

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

Stanford University.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertation Abstract International

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:642082