자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0016935621

International Standard Book Number  

9798380373449

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

614

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Kiessling, Karalyn Anne.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : University of Michigan., 2023

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023

Physical Description  

1 online resource(231 p.)

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Greer, Scott L.;Jarman, Holly.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2023.

Restrictions on Access Note  

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Restrictions on Access Note  

This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.

Summary, Etc.  

요약Within the past decade, the US tobacco product market has transitioned from being dominated by cigarettes to now offering an expanding array of different products. Of these, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained in popularity and become widely used by youth and younger Americans. Given the sharp increase in high school and even middle school students vaping, there has been pressure across all levels of government to address the issue through enhanced tobacco control policies. This dissertation focuses on the ground-level implementation of recently passed policies to identify gaps in tobacco control across the US. Presented in three research papers, the overarching aim is to understand how new tobacco control policies, such as Tobacco 21 and flavor restrictions, are implemented within communities. Additionally, features of the US political system which impact implementation are explored as well as potential solutions to issues identified. In the first paper, observations from tobacco retail locations in two Michigan cities (Grand Rapids and Detroit) assessed the retail environment for presence and advertising of menthol tobacco products. These assessments were used to identify if disparities in mentholated product availability and marketing existed across racially and economically diverse neighborhoods. Contrary to previous studies, neighborhoods with a higher percentage of non-Hispanic Black residents were no more likely to have mentholated products and had higher, not lower, prices for Newport menthol cigarettes (a popular menthol brand). In this study, Hispanic communities, instead, were observed to have greater availability and advertising for mentholated products. Some retailers also had illegal self-service displays, indicating lack of effective enforcement. The focus of the second paper was testing Theda Skocpol's theory of advocacy using Tobacco 21 as a case. The spread of policies raising the age of sale for tobacco products to 21 (Tobacco 21) has been used as a classic example of a grassroots movement in public health literature, but this does not align with Skocpol's work which indicates politics are often driven by advocacy organizations rather than truly grassroots activists. Through interviews with public health advocates in Colorado and Virginia, I found evidence that Skocpol's theory holds true: national advocacy organizations played a pivotal role in spreading Tobacco 21 across the US with minimal citizen involvement outside of professionals promoting the policy as a public health measure. The third and final paper studied enforcement of minimum legal sales age policies, identifying factors which differentially impact retailer compliance rates across the country. Those factors include: a network of two federal enforcement regimes along with varying state policies and a possibility for local regimes in some states; Tobacco 21 increasing the age of sale resulting in state law changes; and the COVID-19 pandemic limiting retailer inspections. Across the three studies, it is apparent that institutions within the US government and power structures which favor national advocacy organizations contribute to vastly different policies across states which are implemented to varying degrees. At the ground level, this results in some states and localities having excellent updated policies and enforcement while other regimes lack the funding and infrastructure to enforce federal mandates.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Public health.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Political science.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Public policy.

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Tobacco

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Health policy

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

E-cigarettes

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

University of Michigan Health Services Organization & Policy

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertation Abstract International

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:641274