자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0016935494

International Standard Book Number  

9798380199681

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

574.5

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Sidoti, Salvatore A.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : The Ohio State University., 2022

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022

Physical Description  

1 online resource(147 p.)

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Gershman, Susan;Ludsin, Stuart.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2022.

Restrictions on Access Note  

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Summary, Etc.  

요약Many animals live in a heterogeneous landscape of predation, with consequences that include changes in behavior, morphology, and physiology. While we understand much about how predation directly impacts prey phenotypes, our understanding of its indirect effects on the phenotypic attributes of prey are quickly becoming a subject of intense study. It has been shown that merely the risk of predation could alter the behavioral phenotype of prey, which in turn, could influence their reproductive fitness. Thus, the behavioral phenotypes in the parental generation are a potential target for natural selection. Because such traits are often heritable, predation risk could indirectly shape the phenotype of subsequent generations of prey through genetic change. Prior work has focused on the ability of organisms to evolve or alter the expression of traits (phenotypic plasticity) in response to environmental changes. Yet, there is now copious evidence that demonstrates how the environment can induce non-genetic phenotypic changes that span multiple generations. Such 'transgenerational plasticity' occurs when the environment experienced by parents alters the phenotypes of subsequent generations. Transgenerational responses have been documented in many organisms for a variety of environmental factors and are postulated to have far-reaching consequences for population dynamics, community interactions and the rate and direction of evolutionary change. Nonetheless, despite widespread attention on the existence of transgenerational plasticity, our understanding of how behavior can be altered transgenerationally in responses to predation risk in the parental generation remains limited.My research has sought to test the hypothesis that predation risk in the maternal environment can drive transgenerational behavioral plasticity through maternal effects. I used an intraguild predator-prey system consisting of two wolf spiders. Tigrosa helluo served as the predator, with Schizocosa ocreata being the prey species. I conducted three experiments in the laboratory where each focused on a unique biological question, but all were similar in that I created two treatments: one with perceived predation risk and one without. After mating, I allowed mature S. ocreata females to reside within a chamber that either contained the cues of T. helluo (e.g., excreta containing remnants of S. ocreata; silk draglines), or a container free of predator cues. I then monitored the behaviors of first-generation (F1) offspring after they reached maturity.The focus of Chapter 2 was aggression. I found heightened aggression in the offspring and sex-specific effects with female offspring being more aggressive than males (Chapter 2). In Chapter 3, I investigated neophobia, or an aversion towards novel stimuli. I found that the offspring (especially females) of mothers that were exposed to predator cues showed increased freeze durations, reduced exploration behavior, and fewer forays into unexplored regions of the test arena relative to offspring of mothers not exposed to predator cues (Chapter 3). The focus of Chapter 4 was to investigate boldness to aversive stimuli. I observed reduced boldness in the predator treatment group irrespective of sex and differences in the repeatability of these behaviors between males and females (Chapter 4).We live at a time in which humans routinely stress the natural world. The environmental changes associated with human activities can potentially affect all aspects of a population's habitat, which include changes in predation risk. Faced with such widespread and rapid changes on our planet, a more complete understanding of the drivers of maternal effects may offer a means for us to predict the consequences of transgenerational phenotypic variation and their collective contributions to species survival.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Ecology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Biology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Morphology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Genetics.

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Maternal effects

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Transgenerational plasticity

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Epigenetic

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Predation

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Prey phenotypes

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

The Ohio State University Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertation Abstract International

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:640332