자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0017163563

International Standard Book Number  

9798384097846

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

610

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Johnson-Martinez, Johannes P.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : University of Washington., 2024

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024

Physical Description  

90 p.

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Gibbons, Sean M.;Hood, Leroy E.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2024.

Summary, Etc.  

요약The human gut microbiome is considered by many clinicians and researchers to be one of the final frontiers of discovery in medicine, or a "second brain" for the body. The gut microbiome encodes 100-fold more genes than the human genome and many of these foreign genes influence our phenotypes through the production of small molecules, like neurotransmitters or short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The bidirectional relationship between the human gut microbiota and the host, including the gut-brain axis, gut-kidney-heart axis, and gut-liver axis, comprise a complex ecosystem that influences aging and long-term health. Here, I describe my dissertation work, which focused on signatures of chronic disease and healthy aging in the body and how these signatures were related to ecological variation in the gut microbiome. I leveraged deep phenotyping data from the Arivale Scientific Wellness Program, which concluded in 2019. I found significant associations between microbiome composition and function, bowel movement frequency, frailty, and biomarkers of pro-inflammatory diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uremic toxins and biomarkers of inflammation were elevated in otherwise healthy individuals experiencing constipation or diarrhea, respectively. Microbially-derived uremic toxins enriched in the blood of constipated individuals were also negatively associated with kidney function. Enriched inflammatory proteins and genera, as well as immunological metabolites found in the Arivale cohort blood plasma imply a stressful cellular environment in the frail. Frailty negatively associates with estimated SCFA (propionate) production independent of age. These findings reveal some of the biological networks and mechanisms underlying the previously observed relationships between gut microbiome composition, healthy aging, and chronic disease development, warranting further investigation into the role of the gut microbiome as a mediator of health and disease throughout the lifespan.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Bioengineering.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Microbiology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Biology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Aging.

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Pro-inflammatory diseases

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Human gut microbiome

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Short-chain fatty acids

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Chronic disease

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Healthy aging

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

University of Washington Bioengineering

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:658518