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Gender, Power, and Transformation in Rural Development in Latin America.
Gender, Power, and Transformation in Rural Development in Latin America.

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0017162638
International Standard Book Number  
9798383214695
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
338.9
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Garcia Otero, Maria Alejandra.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : Michigan State University., 2024
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
Physical Description  
202 p.
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: A.
General Note  
Advisor: Lopez, Maria C.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 2024.
Summary, Etc.  
요약Gender equality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been a development goal since the 1990s. Although progress has been made in reducing gender gaps, gender inequalities, mostly against women, persist. In rural and agricultural settings in LMICs, women have less decision-making authority over arable land, less access to agricultural inputs, and more poverty time -deprivation of free time or leisure due to unpaid and paid labor activities-- compared to their male counterparts. Therefore, Sustainable Development Goal 5 on Gender Equality is far from being accomplished by 2030, as agreed in 2016 by the international community.Therefore, scholars and practitioners in gender and development are calling for the urgency of transforming one of the main roots of gender inequalities: the gender structures of constraint (gender norms and rules). However, little has been done to understand the how of that transformation. This dissertation includes one theoretical and two empirical research articles. It delivers insights into the gender and development literature on transformation and recommendations to development practitioners.The first article proposes a theoretical framework for gender and development scholars and practitioners to examine gender structure transformations amid implementing development programs in LMICs. This framework integrates the literature on rural women's empowerment in the Gender and Development (GAD) school of thought and Feminist Political Ecology (FPE). In this article, I compare the concepts of gender, power, and transformation in both literatures and propose the Women's Empowerment for Gender-Transformative Development Framework.The second article implements the theoretical framework proposed in the first article. The objectives of this article are a) to examine how women and men challenge gender norms when they receive resources from a development program; and b) to identify the potential negative consequences when women and men challenge norms due to their participation in the program. To do that, I implement a content analysis from 65 semi-structured interviews with rural women and men participating in Empropaz, a nationwide entrepreneurship program with a gender focus in Colombia. The results show that women and men challenged gender norms by enhancing their self-esteem, sense of agency, control over resources, and family cooperation. However, collective power was less prevalent. The resources provided by Empropaz enabled individuals to have new thoughts and perform new actions that defied traditional gender expectations. Despite these gains, a few participants continued to experience verbal gender-based violence, heightened family conflict, and decreased life balance.The third article is an in-depth intra-household analysis of gendered dynamics. It provides evidence of the role of power legitimacy for women having decision-making authority over agricultural land. Based on GAD literature, it identifies the association of power legitimacy and other social factors (e.g., access to land and education) in explaining spousal discord or accord on who within the household makes decisions over the land. The study's objectives are: a) to understand women's participation in decisions within the household, both domestic and agricultural, compared to their male counterparts; b) to identify the role of legitimacy factors in determining women's participation in agricultural decisions; c) to identify the role of other social factors in determining women's decision; and d) to identify the role of legitimacy factors in women's and men's discord in their survey's responses. I implemented a firth logit and a multinomial logistic regression based on an intra-household survey (responded by the woman and man head of the household separately) with 147 households producing cashews in Honduras. The results show that a legitimacy factor - the women feeling comfortable having different opinions with their male partner - positively and significantly affects women's decision-making authority. Similarly, land ownership, contribution to on-farm labor in cashew production, participation in other crops and animals, and having more education than their male counterparts positively and significantly affect women's decision-making authority over cashews plots. The aforementioned legitimacy factor is also positively associated with women and men having the same opinion that women participate in the decisions over the land.The dissertation concludes that achieving SDG 5 in Latin America requires rural development to support women and men in challenging gender norms and couples to address conflicts and differing opinions. Research that merges GAD and FPE can greatly contribute to this endeavor.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Sustainability.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Gender studies.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Regional studies.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Latin American studies.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Gender norms
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Intra-household survey
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Latin America
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Power legitimacy
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Rural development
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Transformation
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
Michigan State University Community Sustainability-Doctor of Philosophy
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-01A.
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
Control Number  
joongbu:658250

MARC

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■1001  ▼aGarcia  Otero,  Maria  Alejandra.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-5245-3488
■24510▼aGender,  Power,  and  Transformation  in  Rural  Development  in  Latin  America.
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bMichigan  State  University.  ▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a202  p.
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-01,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Lopez,  Maria  C.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Michigan  State  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aGender  equality  in  low-income  and  middle-income  countries  (LMICs)  has  been  a  development  goal  since  the  1990s.  Although  progress  has  been  made  in  reducing  gender  gaps,  gender  inequalities,  mostly  against  women,  persist.  In  rural  and  agricultural  settings  in  LMICs,  women  have  less  decision-making  authority  over  arable  land,  less  access  to  agricultural  inputs,  and  more  poverty  time  -deprivation  of  free  time  or  leisure  due  to  unpaid  and  paid  labor  activities--  compared  to  their  male  counterparts.  Therefore,  Sustainable  Development  Goal  5  on  Gender  Equality  is  far  from  being  accomplished  by  2030,  as  agreed  in  2016  by  the  international  community.Therefore,  scholars  and  practitioners  in  gender  and  development  are  calling  for  the  urgency  of  transforming  one  of  the  main  roots  of  gender  inequalities:  the  gender  structures  of  constraint  (gender  norms  and  rules).  However,  little  has  been  done  to  understand  the  how  of  that  transformation.  This  dissertation  includes  one  theoretical  and  two  empirical  research  articles.  It  delivers  insights  into  the  gender  and  development  literature  on  transformation  and  recommendations  to  development  practitioners.The  first  article  proposes  a  theoretical  framework  for  gender  and  development  scholars  and  practitioners  to  examine  gender  structure  transformations  amid  implementing  development  programs  in  LMICs.  This  framework  integrates  the  literature  on  rural  women's  empowerment  in  the  Gender  and  Development  (GAD)  school  of  thought  and  Feminist  Political  Ecology  (FPE).  In  this  article,  I  compare  the  concepts  of  gender,  power,  and  transformation  in  both  literatures  and  propose  the  Women's  Empowerment  for  Gender-Transformative  Development  Framework.The  second  article  implements  the  theoretical  framework  proposed  in  the  first  article.  The  objectives  of  this  article  are  a)  to  examine  how  women  and  men  challenge  gender  norms  when  they  receive  resources  from  a  development  program;  and  b)  to  identify  the  potential  negative  consequences  when  women  and  men  challenge  norms  due  to  their  participation  in  the  program.  To  do  that,  I  implement  a  content  analysis  from  65  semi-structured  interviews  with  rural  women  and  men  participating  in  Empropaz,  a  nationwide  entrepreneurship  program  with  a  gender  focus  in  Colombia.  The  results  show  that  women  and  men  challenged  gender  norms  by  enhancing  their  self-esteem,  sense  of  agency,  control  over  resources,  and  family  cooperation.  However,  collective  power  was  less  prevalent.  The  resources  provided  by  Empropaz  enabled  individuals  to  have  new  thoughts  and  perform  new  actions  that  defied  traditional  gender  expectations.  Despite  these  gains,  a  few  participants  continued  to  experience  verbal  gender-based  violence,  heightened  family  conflict,  and  decreased  life  balance.The  third  article  is  an  in-depth  intra-household  analysis  of  gendered  dynamics.  It  provides  evidence  of  the  role  of  power  legitimacy  for  women  having  decision-making  authority  over  agricultural  land.  Based  on  GAD  literature,  it  identifies  the  association  of  power  legitimacy  and  other  social  factors  (e.g.,  access  to  land  and  education)  in  explaining  spousal  discord  or  accord  on  who  within  the  household  makes  decisions  over  the  land.  The  study's  objectives  are:  a)  to  understand  women's  participation  in  decisions  within  the  household,  both  domestic  and  agricultural,  compared  to  their  male  counterparts;  b)  to  identify  the  role  of  legitimacy  factors  in  determining  women's  participation  in  agricultural  decisions;  c)  to  identify  the  role  of  other  social  factors  in  determining  women's  decision;  and  d)  to  identify  the  role  of  legitimacy  factors  in  women's  and  men's  discord  in  their  survey's  responses.  I  implemented  a  firth  logit  and  a  multinomial  logistic  regression  based  on  an  intra-household  survey  (responded  by  the  woman  and  man  head  of  the  household  separately)  with  147  households  producing  cashews  in  Honduras.  The  results  show  that  a  legitimacy  factor  -  the  women  feeling  comfortable  having  different  opinions  with  their  male  partner  -  positively  and  significantly  affects  women's  decision-making  authority.  Similarly,  land  ownership,  contribution  to  on-farm  labor  in  cashew  production,  participation  in  other  crops  and  animals,  and  having  more  education  than  their  male  counterparts  positively  and  significantly  affect  women's  decision-making  authority  over  cashews  plots.  The  aforementioned  legitimacy  factor  is  also  positively  associated  with  women  and  men  having  the  same  opinion  that  women  participate  in  the  decisions  over  the  land.The  dissertation  concludes  that  achieving  SDG  5  in  Latin  America  requires  rural  development  to  support  women  and  men  in  challenging  gender  norms  and  couples  to  address  conflicts  and  differing  opinions.  Research  that  merges  GAD  and  FPE  can  greatly  contribute  to  this  endeavor.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0128.
■650  4▼aSustainability.
■650  4▼aGender  studies.
■650  4▼aRegional  studies.
■650  4▼aLatin  American  studies.
■653    ▼aGender  norms
■653    ▼aIntra-household  survey
■653    ▼aLatin  America
■653    ▼aPower  legitimacy
■653    ▼aRural  development
■653    ▼aTransformation
■690    ▼a0640
■690    ▼a0733
■690    ▼a0604
■690    ▼a0550
■71020▼aMichigan  State  University▼bCommunity  Sustainability-Doctor  of  Philosophy.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-01A.
■790    ▼a0128
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17162638▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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