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Essays on Public Procurement and Firms in China.
Essays on Public Procurement and Firms in China.

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0017161598
International Standard Book Number  
9798384447443
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
630
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Chen, Qianmiao.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : University of California, Berkeley., 2024
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
Physical Description  
175 p.
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.
General Note  
Advisor: Gonzalez-navarro, Marco.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2024.
Summary, Etc.  
요약Public procurement, contributing to total GDP, not only impacts economic growth and development by shaping market dynamics and competition but also plays a key role in promoting fairness and mitigating corruption within public sector transactions. This dissertation dives into public procurement, focusing on the challenges of corruption, its detection, and its impact on businesses and the economy. In Chapter 1, I reveal the prevalence of corruption in scoring auctions in public procurement in China, design a model-based tool to detect this corruption, and discuss policies to reduce it. In Chapter 2, inspired by complaint data, I propose another method to detect corruption in close games, which complements the first chapter, and I also discuss how to better design a complaint system to curb corruption. In Chapter 3, I link public procurement data to universal firm-to-firm transaction data to study the direct and indirect effects of participating in the public procurement supply chain through the propagation of production networks. Together, these chapters provide a comprehensive understanding of public procurement's role in shaping economic outcomes and propose targeted strategies for reform.My first chapter proposes a method to screen out scoring rule manipulation corruption in scoring auctions in public procurement and discusses the policies to reduce corruption and increase transparency. I start the chapter by documenting that corruption is widespread in scoring auctions. Procurement officers can collaborate with firms to manipulate scoring rules, favoring predetermined winners, while corrupt firms orchestrate non-competitive bids from others to meet minimum bidder requirements. Drawing from extensive data on public procurement auctions in China, I introduce a model-driven statistical tool to detect this specific form of corruption. The findings indicate a corruption rate of approximately 65%. A procurement expert evaluation audit study confirms the test's validity, revealing a 91% probability that experts identify suspicious scoring rules when the test signals potential corruption. I also link procurement data to comprehensive firm data to examine the distortions caused by corruption. I find that local and state-owned firms, as well as less productive ones, are more favored in corrupt auctions. Lastly, I explore policy implications from the anti-corruption campaign, as well as the counterfactuals by estimating a structural model, concluding that general corruption investigations may be insufficient to address deeply ingrained corrupt practices in the long run whereas implementing anonymous call-for-tender file evaluation could significantly improve social welfare.My second chapter complements the first, which focuses on the unreasonably large score gaps between winners and losers. It examines the ex-post complaint dataset, proposes a method to detect corruption in close-game cases in scoring auctions, and discusses how to better design the complaint system. The complaint system enables reporting of potential corruption and collusion in public procurement auctions, offering insights not visible to outsiders and facilitating corruption detection. In this chapter, I have gathered a dataset of complaints from China's public procurement system. Based on the patterns observed in the ex-post complaints, where the price bids of winners are much higher than those of the complainants, I applied the Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) to detect corruption. My findings indicate that, contrary to competitive cases where winners and losers are chosen at random, in complaints, winners tended to submit prices that were, on average, 5% higher than those of the losing complainants. This suggests that at least 20% of the auctions in the complaint dataset were corrupt. When extending this methodology to the entire public procurement auction dataset, it appeared that 13% of the auctions in close-game scenarios were corrupt. To explore the low rate of complaints, I developed a model to investigate the decision-making process behind the lodging of complaints, with a specific focus on those bidders who lost by a narrow margin, and conducted a counterfactual analysis. I found that protecting whistleblowers by concealing their names can increase the reporting rate, and that random auditing by the financial team does not crowd out the functionality of the complaint system.In my third chapter, coauthored with Ming Li and Wei Lin, we study the direct and indirect effects of participating in the public procurement supply chain through the propagation of production networks, utilizing tax data that tracks firm-to-firm transactions in China. To quantify the effects of directly winning public procurement contracts on firms, we employ an event study design. Our estimates reveal that firms winning public procurement contracts experience increased purchasing activities and gain additional non-public procurement contracts in the following months without crowding out effects. Moreover, these spillover effects in the non-public sectors originate from competitive procurement projects, rather than potentially corrupt ones. We then use a model-based method to measure the total ratio of public procurement contracts to sales through both direct and indirect channels, using the complete firm production network. We find that although only 0.5% of firms directly participate in the public procurement supply chain, a greater number are involved indirectly. Using these total ratios, we explore the effect of public procurement on firm revenue through network propagation. Without considering the indirect channels through the production network, we would underestimate the role of public procurement demand.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Agriculture.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Corruption
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Firms
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Production networks
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Public procurement demand
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Scoring auctions
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
University of California, Berkeley Agricultural & Resource Economics
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
Control Number  
joongbu:657830

MARC

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■1001  ▼aChen,  Qianmiao.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Public  Procurement  and  Firms  in  China.
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley.  ▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a175  p.
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Gonzalez-navarro,  Marco.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Berkeley,  2024.
■520    ▼aPublic  procurement,  contributing  to  total  GDP,  not  only  impacts  economic  growth  and  development  by  shaping  market  dynamics  and  competition  but  also  plays  a  key  role  in  promoting  fairness  and  mitigating  corruption  within  public  sector  transactions.  This  dissertation  dives  into  public  procurement,  focusing  on  the  challenges  of  corruption,  its  detection,  and  its  impact  on  businesses  and  the  economy.  In  Chapter  1,  I  reveal  the  prevalence  of  corruption  in  scoring  auctions  in  public  procurement  in  China,  design  a  model-based  tool  to  detect  this  corruption,  and  discuss  policies  to  reduce  it.  In  Chapter  2,  inspired  by  complaint  data,  I  propose  another  method  to  detect  corruption  in  close  games,  which  complements  the  first  chapter,  and  I  also  discuss  how  to  better  design  a  complaint  system  to  curb  corruption.  In  Chapter  3,  I  link  public  procurement  data  to  universal  firm-to-firm  transaction  data  to  study  the  direct  and  indirect  effects  of  participating  in  the  public  procurement  supply  chain  through  the  propagation  of  production  networks.  Together,  these  chapters  provide  a  comprehensive  understanding  of  public  procurement's  role  in  shaping  economic  outcomes  and  propose  targeted  strategies  for  reform.My  first  chapter  proposes  a  method  to  screen  out  scoring  rule  manipulation  corruption  in  scoring  auctions  in  public  procurement  and  discusses  the  policies  to  reduce  corruption  and  increase  transparency.  I  start  the  chapter  by  documenting  that  corruption  is  widespread  in  scoring  auctions.  Procurement  officers  can  collaborate  with  firms  to  manipulate  scoring  rules,  favoring  predetermined  winners,  while  corrupt  firms  orchestrate  non-competitive  bids  from  others  to  meet  minimum  bidder  requirements.  Drawing  from  extensive  data  on  public  procurement  auctions  in  China,  I  introduce  a  model-driven  statistical  tool  to  detect  this  specific  form  of  corruption.  The  findings  indicate  a  corruption  rate  of  approximately  65%.  A  procurement  expert  evaluation  audit  study  confirms  the  test's  validity,  revealing  a  91%  probability  that  experts  identify  suspicious  scoring  rules  when  the  test  signals  potential  corruption.  I  also  link  procurement  data  to  comprehensive  firm  data  to  examine  the  distortions  caused  by  corruption.  I  find  that  local  and  state-owned  firms,  as  well  as  less  productive  ones,  are  more  favored  in  corrupt  auctions.  Lastly,  I  explore  policy  implications  from  the  anti-corruption  campaign,  as  well  as  the  counterfactuals  by  estimating  a  structural  model,  concluding  that  general  corruption  investigations  may  be  insufficient  to  address  deeply  ingrained  corrupt  practices  in  the  long  run  whereas  implementing  anonymous  call-for-tender  file  evaluation  could  significantly  improve  social  welfare.My  second  chapter  complements  the  first,  which  focuses  on  the  unreasonably  large  score  gaps  between  winners  and  losers.  It  examines  the  ex-post  complaint  dataset,  proposes  a  method  to  detect  corruption  in  close-game  cases  in  scoring  auctions,  and  discusses  how  to  better  design  the  complaint  system.  The  complaint  system  enables  reporting  of  potential  corruption  and  collusion  in  public  procurement  auctions,  offering  insights  not  visible  to  outsiders  and  facilitating  corruption  detection.  In  this  chapter,  I  have  gathered  a  dataset  of  complaints  from  China's  public  procurement  system.  Based  on  the  patterns  observed  in  the  ex-post  complaints,  where  the  price  bids  of  winners  are  much  higher  than  those  of  the  complainants,  I  applied  the  Regression  Discontinuity  Design  (RDD)  to  detect  corruption.  My  findings  indicate  that,  contrary  to  competitive  cases  where  winners  and  losers  are  chosen  at  random,  in  complaints,  winners  tended  to  submit  prices  that  were,  on  average,  5%  higher  than  those  of  the  losing  complainants.  This  suggests  that  at  least  20%  of  the  auctions  in  the  complaint  dataset  were  corrupt.  When  extending  this  methodology  to  the  entire  public  procurement  auction  dataset,  it  appeared  that  13%  of  the  auctions  in  close-game  scenarios  were  corrupt.  To  explore  the  low  rate  of  complaints,  I  developed  a  model  to  investigate  the  decision-making  process  behind  the  lodging  of  complaints,  with  a  specific  focus  on  those  bidders  who  lost  by  a  narrow  margin,  and  conducted  a  counterfactual  analysis.  I  found  that  protecting  whistleblowers  by  concealing  their  names  can  increase  the  reporting  rate,  and  that  random  auditing  by  the  financial  team  does  not  crowd  out  the  functionality  of  the  complaint  system.In  my  third  chapter,  coauthored  with  Ming  Li  and  Wei  Lin,  we  study  the  direct  and  indirect  effects  of  participating  in  the  public  procurement  supply  chain  through  the  propagation  of  production  networks,  utilizing  tax  data  that  tracks  firm-to-firm  transactions  in  China.  To  quantify  the  effects  of  directly  winning  public  procurement  contracts  on  firms,  we  employ  an  event  study  design.  Our  estimates  reveal  that  firms  winning  public  procurement  contracts  experience  increased  purchasing  activities  and  gain  additional  non-public  procurement  contracts  in  the  following  months  without  crowding  out  effects.  Moreover,  these  spillover  effects  in  the  non-public  sectors  originate  from  competitive  procurement  projects,  rather  than  potentially  corrupt  ones.  We  then  use  a  model-based  method  to  measure  the  total  ratio  of  public  procurement  contracts  to  sales  through  both  direct  and  indirect  channels,  using  the  complete  firm  production  network.  We  find  that  although  only  0.5%  of  firms  directly  participate  in  the  public  procurement  supply  chain,  a  greater  number  are  involved  indirectly.  Using  these  total  ratios,  we  explore  the  effect  of  public  procurement  on  firm  revenue  through  network  propagation.  Without  considering  the  indirect  channels  through  the  production  network,  we  would  underestimate  the  role  of  public  procurement  demand.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0028.
■650  4▼aAgriculture.
■653    ▼aCorruption
■653    ▼aFirms
■653    ▼aProduction  networks
■653    ▼aPublic  procurement  demand
■653    ▼aScoring  auctions
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0473
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Berkeley▼bAgricultural  &  Resource  Economics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-03B.
■790    ▼a0028
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161598▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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