자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0017161547

International Standard Book Number  

9798382762005

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

320

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Medici, Carlo.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : Northwestern University., 2024

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024

Physical Description  

215 p.

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: A.

General Note  

Advisor: Qian, Nancy;Mokyr, Joel.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northwestern University, 2024.

Summary, Etc.  

요약This dissertation is composed of three essays at the intersection of Labor Economics, Political Economy, and Economic History. The first essay investigates the determinants of the formation and growth of labor unions. The second essay examines the effect of immigration restrictions on the labor market and economic development. The third essay studies the role and consequences of political connections on the careers and performance of public sector employees.In the first essay, I show that immigration positively affected the emergence of organized labor in the United States. I digitize archival data to construct the first county-level dataset on historical U.S. union membership and use a shift-share instrument to isolate a plausibly exogenous shock to the labor supply induced by immigration, between 1900 and 1920. Counties that received more immigration experienced an increase in the probability of having any labor union, the share of unionized workers, the number of local union branches, and the average branch size. The increase occurred more prominently in counties more exposed to the immigrants' labor competition and harboring less favorable attitudes towards immigration. Taken together, these results indicate that existing workers formed and joined labor unions due to economic and social motivations. The findings shed light on a novel driver of unionization in the early 20th-century United States: in the absence of immigration, the average union density of this period would have been 17% lower. They also identify an unexplored consequence of immigration: the development of institutions that aim to protect workers' status in the labor market.In the second essay, which is joint work with Joe Long, Nancy Qian, and Marco Tabellini, we examine the impact of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act on the economic development of the Western United States. The ban of Chinese immigrants reduced the total number of Chinese workers across all sectors and skills. It had similar negative effects on other workers, including native-born white workers and European immigrants -- the intended beneficiaries of the Act -- especially in the manufacturing, railroad, and mining industries. The Act also reduced manufacturing output, productivity, and the number of manufacturing establishments. The adverse economic effects were long-lasting and persisted until at least 1940.In the third essay, which is joint work with Massimo Pulejo, we analyze the consequences of political connections in the civil service of the United States over more than two centuries. Focusing on the federal judiciary system, where political appointments are the selection method still used today, and leveraging individual-level data on judges and members of Congress from 1789 to the present, we use a difference-in-differences design to compare the careers and performance of judges before and after the senator who recommended their nomination leaves Congress. After losing the connection to their recommender, the probability of a judge being promoted from a district court to a court of appeals decreases by up to 48%. Such impact emerges in years in which judges share partisanship with the incumbent president, and they could thus benefit from the lobbying efforts of their political connection. This event has also sizable consequences on judges' performance: following the recommender's exit from Congress, judges write fewer judicial opinions, of shorter length, and of poorer quality, as proxied by both fewer backward and forward citations. These results are consistent with judges reducing their effort and productivity once their career prospects are drastically hindered.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Political science.

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Public sector employees

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Labor competition

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Labor market

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Workers' status

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

Northwestern University Managerial Economics and Strategy

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11A.

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:657699