자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0017164374

International Standard Book Number  

9798384042228

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

310

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Radler, Tyler J.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : University of Michigan., 2024

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024

Physical Description  

152 p.

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-03, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Hines, James R., Jr.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan, 2024.

Summary, Etc.  

요약This dissertation consists of three independents essays at the intersection of public economics and labor economics. Each essay seeks to understand individual or household level responses to incentives created by a United States expenditure programs, with the broad goal of furthering our understanding the efficacy of these programs. Chapter I studies the Supplemental Security Income(SSI) program, which targets - among other groups - families whose children have disabilities. Chapter II studies Disability Insurance, which provides wage replacement to workers who suffer a work-limiting disability. Chapter III studies the Federal Health Manpower legislation which occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, and provided funding for the creation of new medical schools.In Chapter I, "Child Disability, Family Labor Supply and the Child SSI Program", I study the efficacy of the U.S. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, which transfers considerable resources to low-income families with disabled children. Specifically, I estimate a life cycle model of female labor supply, savings and SSI application, and use simulations derived from the model estimates to shed light on three program components: the magnitude of the program's insurance value, the magnitude of the moral hazard generated by the program's means tests, and the welfare implications of program expansions. I find that the SSI program provides effective insurance against the additional costs associated with raising a disabled child, with prospective parents willing to pay premiums equal to 2.7 times their expected claims. Moral hazard due to income- and wealth-contingent eligibility implies that transferring a dollar to a family with a disabled child through the current system generates roughly 40 cents of deadweight loss. A policy counterfactual that would raise the program's asset limit to a recently-proposed level would be valued more than its fiscal cost, while policies which decrease screening stringency or increase benefit levels can increase welfare more cost-effectively.In Chapter II, "Intrahousehold Behavior and the Added Worker Effect", I provide a theoretical explanation for the persistent empirical finding that women whose husband's experience a work-limiting disability do not increase their labor supply. These findings are puzzling, as standard economic theory clearly predicts that the non-affected spouse should increase their labor supply in response to a permanent reduction in the earnings of the affected spouse, and such responses have been observed following other forms of permanent earnings losses. Understanding the source of this finding is particularly important because recent work in the social insurance literature argues that a lack of spousal labor supply responses is consistent with households being adequately insured against the earnings losses associated with disability onset. I show that observed behavior arises naturally in a collective labor supply model with health risk and Disability Insurance applications. The key distinction between disability shocks and other permanent earnings shocks is that the aftermath of a disability shock typically involves two discrete decisions that must be agreed upon by both household members - whether the disabled spouse applies for Disability Insurance, and whether he returns to work if he is rejected from the program. In this context, a "bargaining effect" arises in addition to standard income and substitution effects, and implies a lack of spousal labor supply responses to disability shocks at the margins of DI application or retirement post-rejection from DI. As such, changes in the labor supply of the non-affected spouse should be considered in the context of the change in their allocation of household resources.In Chapter III, "Health Manpower and Supply of Physicians", Thomas Helgerman and I study the effect of Federally funded grants for the construction of new medical school on the local supply of physicians and the geographic distribution of physicians within states which opened new schools. We leverage variation in the timing of medical school openings, together with newly-digitized data on physician location, in a staggered difference-in-difference framework. Our estimates indicate that the opening of a new public medical school is associated with an increase of roughly 5 physicians per 100k residents statewide, or a 3% increase. However, this aggregate increase masks significant within-state geographic heterogeneity. Our estimates indicate that urban counties experienced a significant increase in physician supply (12 physicians per 100k residents, or a 7% increase), which contrasts with the little to no effects we find for rural counties. We provide evidence consistent with additional health infrastructure "pulling" physicians into counties where medical schools locate, although our lack of individual-level data limits our ability to direct evidence of this mechanism. While supply-side expansions to physician training through the Health Manpower Act appear to have been successful at increasing the stock of physicians practicing in states which opened new medical schools, our estimates do not provide compelling evidence that they increased the supply of rural physicians sufficiently to address rural physician shortages.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Statistics.

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Public finance

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Public economics

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

United States expenditure programs

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

University of Michigan Economics

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-03B.

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:657071