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Pathological and Protective Immune Responses During COVID-19.
Pathological and Protective Immune Responses During COVID-19.

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0017160517
International Standard Book Number  
9798383420744
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
616.079
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Klein, Jonathan.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : Yale University., 2024
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
Physical Description  
210 p.
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-02, Section: B.
General Note  
Advisor: Iwasaki, Akiko.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2024.
Summary, Etc.  
요약Since its introduction into humans in late 2019, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and resulted in the deaths of more than 6.5 million people in just 39 months. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a clinically heterogenous viral illness that may alternatively manifest as asymptomatic infection or a life-threatening viral pneumonia. This dissertation examines the range of pathogenic and protective immune responses generated in humans with COVID-19, with specific focus on the contribution of various maladaptive immune responses to the development of severe disease.The investigations presented here are organized into 4 chapters, each published sequentially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Broadly, Chapters 1-3 focus on acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore the role of maladaptive (1-2) and protective (3) immune responses in regulating severity of COVID-19 among a cohort of hospitalized patients. Chapter 4 examines the biological basis of persistent sequalae among a separate cohort of individuals experiencing incomplete recovery more than a year following their acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.In Chapter 1, I profile the disorganized immune response provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection among a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Longitudinal examination of peripheral immune responses revealed four distinct clusters of immune response programs among COVID-19 patients that correlated with clinical outcomes. Immune response programs most associated with poor clinical outcomes demonstrated profound inflammatory responses involving simultaneous engagement of Type I, Type II, and Type III immune responses, with elevated IFN-α and IL-1 family cytokines (IL-18, IL-1a, IL-1b) additionally identified as significant predictors of fatal disease through statistical modeling.In Chapter 2, the production of diverse, functional autoantibodies during COVID-19 is described. Autoantibodies targeting a broad range of tissues and cell surface proteins were identified in acute COVID-19 patients, with severe patients having the highest frequency of autoantibodies detected. Subsequent in vitro assays and in vivo model systems established the functional nature of these self-targeting antibodies, and in the case of immune-effector targeting autoantibodies, correlations with impaired immune responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 infection were established.In Chapter 3, I examine the dynamics of protective, neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. Initial investigations into the relative importance of the total magnitude of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in mediating protection from fatal disease were unrevealing. Instead, longitudinal analyses demonstrated stark differences in the kinetics of humoral responses, particularly among neutralizing antibody species, between fatal and non-fatal cases of COVID-19. These results critically highlighted that delays in neutralizing antibody production efficiently predict poor clinical outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.In Chapter 4, the biological basis of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or 'Long COVID' is investigated in a demographically matched cohort of individuals. Through high-dimensional immunophenotyping of individuals with Long COVID, I identified significant biological differences in individuals with Long COVID relative to various convalescent and control populations. Subsequent integration of immune phenotyping data into machine learning models identified a minimal set of soluble protein factors that accurately distinguish Long COVID from healthy and convalescent controls.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Immunology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Pathology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Virology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Bioinformatics.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Immune responses
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
COVID-19
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Inflammation
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Autoantibodies
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Machine learning models
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
Yale University Immunobiology
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-02B.
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
Control Number  
joongbu:657046

MARC

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■1001  ▼aKlein,  Jonathan.
■24510▼aPathological  and  Protective  Immune  Responses  During  COVID-19.
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bYale  University.  ▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a210  p.
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-02,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Iwasaki,  Akiko.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Yale  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aSince  its  introduction  into  humans  in  late  2019,  Severe  acute  respiratory  syndrome  coronavirus  2  (SARS-CoV-2)  has  spread  globally  and  resulted  in  the  deaths  of  more  than  6.5  million  people  in  just  39  months.  Infection  with  SARS-CoV-2  causes  Coronavirus  Disease  2019  (COVID-19),  a  clinically  heterogenous  viral  illness  that  may  alternatively  manifest  as  asymptomatic  infection  or  a  life-threatening  viral  pneumonia.  This  dissertation  examines  the  range  of  pathogenic  and  protective  immune  responses  generated  in  humans  with  COVID-19,  with  specific  focus  on  the  contribution  of  various  maladaptive  immune  responses  to  the  development  of  severe  disease.The  investigations  presented  here  are  organized  into  4  chapters,  each  published  sequentially  during  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  Broadly,  Chapters  1-3  focus  on  acute  SARS-CoV-2  infection  and  explore  the  role  of  maladaptive  (1-2)  and  protective  (3)  immune  responses  in  regulating  severity  of  COVID-19  among  a  cohort  of  hospitalized  patients.  Chapter  4  examines  the  biological  basis  of  persistent  sequalae  among  a  separate  cohort  of  individuals  experiencing  incomplete  recovery  more  than  a  year  following  their  acute  SARS-CoV-2  infection.In  Chapter  1,  I  profile  the  disorganized  immune  response  provoked  by  SARS-CoV-2  infection  among  a  cohort  of  hospitalized  COVID-19  patients.  Longitudinal  examination  of  peripheral  immune  responses  revealed  four  distinct  clusters  of  immune  response  programs  among  COVID-19  patients  that  correlated  with  clinical  outcomes.  Immune  response  programs  most  associated  with  poor  clinical  outcomes  demonstrated  profound  inflammatory  responses  involving  simultaneous  engagement  of  Type  I,  Type  II,  and  Type  III  immune  responses,  with  elevated  IFN-α  and  IL-1  family  cytokines  (IL-18,  IL-1a,  IL-1b)  additionally  identified  as  significant  predictors  of  fatal  disease  through  statistical  modeling.In  Chapter  2,  the  production  of  diverse,  functional  autoantibodies  during  COVID-19  is  described.  Autoantibodies  targeting  a  broad  range  of  tissues  and  cell  surface  proteins  were  identified  in  acute  COVID-19  patients,  with  severe  patients  having  the  highest  frequency  of  autoantibodies  detected.  Subsequent  in  vitro  assays  and  in  vivo  model  systems  established  the  functional  nature  of  these  self-targeting  antibodies,  and  in  the  case  of  immune-effector  targeting  autoantibodies,  correlations  with  impaired  immune  responses  targeting  SARS-CoV-2  infection  were  established.In  Chapter  3,  I  examine  the  dynamics  of  protective,  neutralizing  antibody  responses  against  SARS-CoV-2.  Initial  investigations  into  the  relative  importance  of  the  total  magnitude  of  anti-SARS-CoV-2  antibody  responses  in  mediating  protection  from  fatal  disease  were  unrevealing.  Instead,  longitudinal  analyses  demonstrated  stark  differences  in  the  kinetics  of  humoral  responses,  particularly  among  neutralizing  antibody  species,  between  fatal  and  non-fatal  cases  of  COVID-19.  These  results  critically  highlighted  that  delays  in  neutralizing  antibody  production  efficiently  predict  poor  clinical  outcomes  among  patients  hospitalized  with  COVID-19.In  Chapter  4,  the  biological  basis  of  post-acute  sequelae  of  COVID-19  (PASC)  or  'Long  COVID'  is  investigated  in  a  demographically  matched  cohort  of  individuals.  Through  high-dimensional  immunophenotyping  of  individuals  with  Long  COVID,  I  identified  significant  biological  differences  in  individuals  with  Long  COVID  relative  to  various  convalescent  and  control  populations.  Subsequent  integration  of  immune  phenotyping  data  into  machine  learning  models  identified  a  minimal  set  of  soluble  protein  factors  that  accurately  distinguish  Long  COVID  from  healthy  and  convalescent  controls.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0265.
■650  4▼aImmunology.
■650  4▼aPathology.
■650  4▼aVirology.
■650  4▼aBioinformatics.
■653    ▼aImmune  responses
■653    ▼aCOVID-19
■653    ▼aInflammation
■653    ▼aAutoantibodies
■653    ▼aMachine  learning  models
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0720
■690    ▼a0571
■690    ▼a0715
■71020▼aYale  University▼bImmunobiology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-02B.
■790    ▼a0265
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17160517▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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