자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0017160835

International Standard Book Number  

9798382253756

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

700

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Guo, Jeffrey Da-Ren.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : Columbia University., 2024

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024

Physical Description  

168 p.

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-10, Section: A.

General Note  

Advisor: Casella, Alessandra;Dean, Mark.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2024.

Summary, Etc.  

요약In many economic applications, a collective outcome experienced by a group of people is determined by individual decisions made by its constituents. Hence, understanding how individuals make decisions in group settings is important, but empirical and observational analyses are often complicated by confounding factors. This dissertation contains three essays that use controlled experiments designed to isolate, and measure the impact of, mechanisms predicted to affect behavior.Chapter 1 studies behavior under digital anonymity. A distinctive feature of the digital world is the ability to calibrate or withhold one's identifier: a person can be identified by a string of letters, an avatar, their real name, or even nothing at all. That digital identifiers allow a person to mask their physical identity also makes it difficult to attribute digital actions to a physical person, even when the actions are observed. I embed these features in an experiment where subjects play a finitely repeated, linear public goods game. Treated subjects are identified in one of three ways-by their photograph, by a random number, or by a self-designed cartoon avatar-and their individual choices are revealed and either attributed to, or decoupled from, their identifier. In line with the previous literature, identifying subjects and increasing the precision of attribution increases contributions relative to a baseline condition without identifiers or revealed individual choices. Remarkably, however, the largest impact on behavior comes from having an identifier in the first place: for a given level of attribution, the experimental data suggest that being identified by a number or by an avatar is as powerful as being identified by one's photograph.Chapter 2 studies whether and how individuals imbue digital avatars with self image and social image considerations. While digital avatars have become more commonplace and sophisticated, they need not resemble the physical appearance of the person using it. This inconsistency raises the question of how an avatar induces image considerations, relative to a person's physical appearance. I embed avatars into a dictator game and conduct two experiments, one addressing self image and the other social image. The direction of the treatment effect in the dictator game for both experiments suggests that individuals do attach image considerations to their avatars, though the effects are not statistically significant. Additionally, I find that subjects create significantly more positively perceived avatars when they know that their avatar will be shown to another subject who will decide how to allocate an endowment with them.Chapter 3, joint with Alessandra Casella and Michelle Jiang, studies the impact of an alternative voting system on the minority's turnout and resultant victories. We start from the observation that under majoritarian election systems, securing participation and representation of minorities remains an open problem, made salient in the US by its history of voter suppression. One remedy recommended by the courts is Cumulative Voting (CV): each voter has as many votes as open positions and can cumulate votes on as few candidates as desired. Theory predicts that CV encourages the minority to overcome obstacles to voting: although each voter is treated equally, CV increases minority's turnout relative to the majority, and the minority's share of seats won. A lab experiment based on a costly voting design strongly supports both predictions. Chapter 3 was published in Volume 141 of Games and Economic Behavior, pp. 133-155, September 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2023.05.012.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Fine arts.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Political science.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Social research.

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Anonymity

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Digital economics

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Experimental economics

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Lab experiment

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Political economy

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

Columbia University Economics

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-10A.

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:656294