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Essays on Macroeconomics and Labor Market Frictions.
Essays on Macroeconomics and Labor Market Frictions.

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0017161360
International Standard Book Number  
9798382338293
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
519
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Maruyama, Toshitaka.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : University of California, Los Angeles., 2024
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
Physical Description  
191 p.
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-11, Section: B.
General Note  
Advisor: Ohanian, Lee Edward.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2024.
Summary, Etc.  
요약This dissertation consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 presents new empirical evidence and a theoretical framework, which suggests that firing costs impede human capital accumulation within firms. To that end, I investigate the impact of a German reform in 2004 that removed firing costs exclusively for smaller establishments. Applying a difference-in-differences approach to administrative matched employee-employer data, I find that the targeted smaller establishments experienced an increase in the proportion of employees participating in training compared with others. To clarify the underlying mechanism and quantify the aggregate effect of the reform, I develop an on-the-job search model with human capital and firing costs. Reducing firing costs in this model stimulates job creation by firms, and thereby increases the probability of workers transitioning to firms in which their skills are more valuable. This encourages workers to accumulate human capital. The calibrated model suggests that the German reform could result in a 0.58% increase in aggregate productivity, with 0.49% attributed to human capital accumulation and the rest to more efficient resource allocation.Chapter 2, which is co-authored with Yasutaka Koike-Mori and Koki Okumura, develops an endogenous growth model that incorporates on-the-job search and examines the allocation of inventors across firms, knowledge diffusion, and its impact on growth. In our model, inventors play dual roles: they engage in in-house R&D and transfer knowledge from previous employers to new ones when changing jobs. Using an administrative panel dataset on German inventors matched to their employing establishments and patents, we find that, relative to general workers, inventors are more likely to transition to less productive establishments and suffer a higher wage growth via the transition. We also find that the knowledge base of establishments measured by patents grows faster when a significant proportion of their inventors originate from establishments possessing a larger knowledge base. We then calibrate the model to reflect these empirical findings and examine the effects of innovation policy. While subsidies to frontier firms discourage knowledge diffusion from these firms to technologically lagging firms, these subsidies also encourage innovation within frontier firms. The former negative effect dominates in the short term, but the latter positive effect dominates in the long run.Chapter 3, which is co-authored with Tomohide Mineyama, estimates the user cost of labor (UCL) - an allocative labor cost measure used in analyzing economies with ongoing employment relationships-while controlling for cyclical changes in job-match quality, which has been identified as a potential problem in previous studies. We use a novel dataset that exploits school (nonemployment)-to-employment flows to control for this measurement problem. The estimated UCL remains highly procyclical after making this correction, with an estimated wage semi-elasticity of 2.69 with respect to a one percentage point change in the unemployment rate. The semi-elasticity is around twice as large as that of the new-hire wage. We also find that the corrected UCL cyclicality is asymmetric, with the UCL rising in booms but remaining flat in downturns. To account for this asymmetry, we develop a directed search model with asymmetric information in which firms use wages as a screening tool to receive applications from targeted workers. The model economy generates asymmetric labor market dynamics that are consistent with the data.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Applied mathematics.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Firm dynamics
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Human capital
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Knowledge diffusion
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Macroeconomics
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Wage cyclicality
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
University of California, Los Angeles Economics 0246
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-11B.
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
Control Number  
joongbu:655922

MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31242593
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a519
■1001  ▼aMaruyama,  Toshitaka.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Macroeconomics  and  Labor  Market  Frictions.
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles.  ▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a191  p.
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-11,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Ohanian,  Lee  Edward.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  California,  Los  Angeles,  2024.
■520    ▼aThis  dissertation  consists  of  three  chapters.  Chapter  1  presents  new  empirical  evidence  and  a  theoretical  framework,  which  suggests  that  firing  costs  impede  human  capital  accumulation  within  firms.  To  that  end,  I  investigate  the  impact  of  a  German  reform  in  2004  that  removed  firing  costs  exclusively  for  smaller  establishments.  Applying  a  difference-in-differences  approach  to  administrative  matched  employee-employer  data,  I  find  that  the  targeted  smaller  establishments  experienced  an  increase  in  the  proportion  of  employees  participating  in  training  compared  with  others.  To  clarify  the  underlying  mechanism  and  quantify  the  aggregate  effect  of  the  reform,  I  develop  an  on-the-job  search  model  with  human  capital  and  firing  costs.  Reducing  firing  costs  in  this  model  stimulates  job  creation  by  firms,  and  thereby  increases  the  probability  of  workers  transitioning  to  firms  in  which  their  skills  are  more  valuable.  This  encourages  workers  to  accumulate  human  capital.  The  calibrated  model  suggests  that  the  German  reform  could  result  in  a  0.58%  increase  in  aggregate  productivity,  with  0.49%  attributed  to  human  capital  accumulation  and  the  rest  to  more  efficient  resource  allocation.Chapter  2,  which  is  co-authored  with  Yasutaka  Koike-Mori  and  Koki  Okumura,  develops  an  endogenous  growth  model  that  incorporates  on-the-job  search  and  examines  the  allocation  of  inventors  across  firms,  knowledge  diffusion,  and  its  impact  on  growth.  In  our  model,  inventors  play  dual  roles:  they  engage  in  in-house  R&D  and  transfer  knowledge  from  previous  employers  to  new  ones  when  changing  jobs.  Using  an  administrative  panel  dataset  on  German  inventors  matched  to  their  employing  establishments  and  patents,  we  find  that,  relative  to  general  workers,  inventors  are  more  likely  to  transition  to  less  productive  establishments  and  suffer  a  higher  wage  growth  via  the  transition.  We  also  find  that  the  knowledge  base  of  establishments  measured  by  patents  grows  faster  when  a  significant  proportion  of  their  inventors  originate  from  establishments  possessing  a  larger  knowledge  base.  We  then  calibrate  the  model  to  reflect  these  empirical  findings  and  examine  the  effects  of  innovation  policy.  While  subsidies  to  frontier  firms  discourage  knowledge  diffusion  from  these  firms  to  technologically  lagging  firms,  these  subsidies  also  encourage  innovation  within  frontier  firms.  The  former  negative  effect  dominates  in  the  short  term,  but  the  latter  positive  effect  dominates  in  the  long  run.Chapter  3,  which  is  co-authored  with  Tomohide  Mineyama,  estimates  the  user  cost  of  labor  (UCL)  -  an  allocative  labor  cost  measure  used  in  analyzing  economies  with  ongoing  employment  relationships-while  controlling  for  cyclical  changes  in  job-match  quality,  which  has  been  identified  as  a  potential  problem  in  previous  studies.  We  use  a  novel  dataset  that  exploits  school  (nonemployment)-to-employment  flows  to  control  for  this  measurement  problem.  The  estimated  UCL  remains  highly  procyclical  after  making  this  correction,  with  an  estimated  wage  semi-elasticity  of  2.69  with  respect  to  a  one  percentage  point  change  in  the  unemployment  rate.  The  semi-elasticity  is  around  twice  as  large  as  that  of  the  new-hire  wage.  We  also  find  that  the  corrected  UCL  cyclicality  is  asymmetric,  with  the  UCL  rising  in  booms  but  remaining  flat  in  downturns.  To  account  for  this  asymmetry,  we  develop  a  directed  search  model  with  asymmetric  information  in  which  firms  use  wages  as  a  screening  tool  to  receive  applications  from  targeted  workers.  The  model  economy  generates  asymmetric  labor  market  dynamics  that  are  consistent  with  the  data.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0031.
■650  4▼aApplied  mathematics.
■653    ▼aFirm  dynamics
■653    ▼aHuman  capital
■653    ▼aKnowledge  diffusion
■653    ▼aMacroeconomics
■653    ▼aWage  cyclicality
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0629
■690    ▼a0364
■71020▼aUniversity  of  California,  Los  Angeles▼bEconomics  0246.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-11B.
■790    ▼a0031
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161360▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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