자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0017161176

International Standard Book Number  

9798382805252

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

150

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Zhao, Fangyun.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : The University of Wisconsin - Madison., 2024

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024

Physical Description  

152 p.

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Bennet, Allyson;Mutlu, Bilge.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2024.

Summary, Etc.  

요약Affective synchrony refers to the coordination in time or form of the emotional components of behaviors between two individuals. When one person experiences stress or anxiety, that feeling is often passed on to other people in ways that are visibly manifest. For example, when a person expresses anxiety, their physiology state, such as heart rate or skin conductance, often changes with their behaviors (Rafaeli et al., 2007). Individuals' changes in emotional states are reflected in facial expressions (Zhao et al., 2022), body movements, gestures, and physiological changes in heart rate, skin conductance, etc (Rafaeli et al., 2007). Affective synchrony, in which reflections of emotional states are communicated to others, is linked to many positive social outcomes such as prosocial behavior, group cohesion, rapport, and trust building. Affective synchrony provides strong social benefits to successful communication and cooperation because it requires individuals to continually adapt to their interaction partners and adjust their behaviors accordingly. Recent theoretical work has identified three adaptive functions of affective synchrony in social communication: emotion co-regulation, ease of information processing, and the creation of social bonds (Wood et al., 2021). But in terms of empirical evidence, research has uncovered little that can explain the underlying factors that moderate behaviors of affective synchrony.The goal of the current dissertation is to investigate some of the moderators that contribute to the degree to which individuals engage in affective synchrony, and how these moderators function in social interactions. I argue here that affective synchrony is contingent on individuals' need to adapt and maintain effective social communication, and is therefore subject to moderation by factors including three key components: type of emotion, friendship status (at the dyadic level), and social context such as forced isolation that can lead to feelings of loneliness (at the individual level). I test three hypotheses related to these key components in two studies. My first hypothesis is that, affective synchrony is most likely to occur during positive rather than negative interactions. This is based on the idea that positive feelings induced by the positive interactions help maintain social communications. While synchronizing positive emotional expressions may reinforce positive feelings between individuals, reinforcing negative feelings are not expected to have such positive effects. Thus, I hypothesize that individuals will show a lower level of synchronization of negative expressions than positive expressions during social interactions (H1). I test this hypothesis in Studies 1 and 2A. My second hypothesis is that, affective synchrony serves to create a bridge for information exchange and social bonding. Individuals who share similarities or common knowledge might already have established unique communication styles that do not need much coordination. I hypothesize that pairs of friends who have already established communication styles might not require expressive behavioral cues, so they will display lower levels of facial expressive synchrony than strangers (H2). I test this hypothesis in Study 2B. My third hypothesis is that when interpersonal connections are disrupted, this will increase desire to socially connect and increase affective synchrony. When individuals' desire for social connection is disrupted (e.g., because of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic), the motivation to interact with others is elevated. Therefore, I hypothesize that interactions can be expected to display higher degrees of affective synchrony for individuals who feel lonely than for individuals who do not feel lonely (H3). I test this hypothesis in Study 2B, together with hypothesis 2. To test these hypotheses, I first utilized a pre-labelled dataset that consisted of 60 pairs of participants completing three emotion-eliciting and cooperative tasks in Study 1. Facial expressive synchrony by emotional expression were measured by multi-dimensional dynamic time warping. In Study 2, I recruited 77 pairs of participants from the University of Wisconsin-Madison to complete five emotion-eliciting cooperative tasks over Zoom. During this exercise, their facial movements were tracked using automatic facial analysis. Facial expressive synchrony was then measured with multi-dimensional dynamic time warping.Findings from Studies 1 and 2A confirm H1. Individuals display higher alignment of positive emotional expressions than negative emotional expressions. Specifically, affiliative smiles are the most frequently synchronized expressions. Additionally, when individuals feel lonely, their communications are more in sync with their partners' positive emotional states than with their negative emotional expressions, suggesting social context may play a role in affective synchrony. Findings from Study 2B are contrary to H2. Pairs of friends display higher alignment of facial expressions than pairs of strangers and report feeling more in sync with their partners, suggesting the positive feelings from affective synchrony may link to the maintenance of friendship. Findings from Study 2B also show contrary conclusions to H3 regarding feelings of loneliness. Individuals with higher loneliness scores showed higher alignment of facial expressions. This preliminary finding is consistent with a functional account of loneliness such that feelings of loneliness may motivate social connection.By providing preliminary evidence for these three moderators of affective synchrony, the findings of this dissertation contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how affective synchrony serves as communicative glue in social interactions. Further, this dissertation contributes to the literature by implementing computational methods to quantitatively measure affective synchrony.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Psychology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Computer science.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Physiology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Mental health.

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Emotion

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Facial expressions

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Synchrony

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

COVID-19

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Anxiety

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

The University of Wisconsin - Madison Psychology

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12B.

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:655722