자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0017165016

International Standard Book Number  

9798384462095

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

301

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Kolbeck, Simon.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : The Ohio State University., 2024

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024

Physical Description  

155 p.

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-04, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Bellair, Paul;Lopez, Steven.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2024.

Summary, Etc.  

요약Criminologists have long observed that most criminally active individuals eventually terminate their offending (Laub and Sampson, 2001; Bushway and Paternoster; Rocque, 2017). Yet, despite decades of scholarship (see Rocque, 2017 for a thorough review), the causes of desistance remain poorly understood. As a result, scholars continue to study the myriad social and developmental factors that are theoretically related to desistance. One of these factors, employment, has received considerable attention within life-course criminology and recidivism research (Lageson and Uggen, 2013). The idea that acquiring and maintaining employment reduces offending is rooted in classic criminological theories, including Sampson and Laub's (1990;1993) age-graded theory of informal social control and rational choice theory. The former views employment as a form of "turning point" in the life course, while the latter conceptualizes employment and offending as trade-offs. Identity theories of desistance, on the other hand, view identity change as the most important cause of desistance and contend that employment likely plays a minor role in the process desistance (Giordano et al., 2002; Paternoster and Bushway, 2009). Leveraging rich data from the Pathways to Desistance Study (N = 1358), this dissertation advances research on desistance by scrutinizing these competing perspectives.Focusing on employment, chapter 2 explores whether employment must be of a certain quality to influence offending. Latent class analysis derives a typology of employment quality from nine measures capturing important aspects of employment quality, including wages, satisfaction, stability, and benefits. The best fitting solution distinguished four types of employment, categorized by various configurations of the nine employment characteristics. After weighting each case according to its propensity for selection into higher quality employment, these employment categories were used to predict self-reported offending. While there was evidence for an inverse relationship between offending and employment quality, the effect size was rather small, suggesting that selection plays an important role in the association between employment and offending. Moreover, the association between low quality employment and offending was indistinguishable from the association between no employment and offending.Chapter 3 tests employment-centered desistance theories (i.e., Sampson and Laub's age-graded theory and rational choice theory) against identity theories of desistance. Using a newly developed form of cross-lagged panel model (Zyphur et al, 2020a), measures of employment, prosocial identity, and offending are jointly modeled with a structural equation framework. The procedure improves causal inference and allows for a unique assessment of time-ordering among constructs. Models reveal an inverse relationship between prosocial identity and offending, in which changes to prosocial identity at time t - 1 induce changes to offending at time t. There was, however, no direct evidence that changes in employment induced changes in offending. These findings support the central tenets of identity theories and cast doubt on the idea that changes to one's employment can lead to changes in offending. Chapter 4 builds on the analyses in chapter 2 and 3 by exploring whether the association between employment and offending is moderated by prosocial identity and, conversely, whether the association between prosocial identity and offending is moderated by employment. While descriptive patterns of offending across prosocial identity and employment provide no meaningful evidence for a moderation effect, hybrid (within-between) models of offending reveal a statistically significant interaction. When plotted, this interaction effect demonstrates that the association between employment and offending is stronger absent high levels of prosocial identity. In sum, these findings suggest that 1) employment must be of a certain quality to reduce offending, 2) that identity changes are more likely to facilitate desistance than employment transitions, and 3) that changes to one's prosocial identity condition the association between employment and offending. Thus, the findings from this dissertation broadly support the tenets of identity theories, while largely contradicting the idea that employment is a central cause of desistance. The implications of these findings are discussed in chapter 5.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Sociology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Criminology.

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Life-course criminology

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Desistance

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Employment

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Rational choice theory

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Criminologists

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

The Ohio State University Sociology

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-04B.

Electronic Location and Access  

로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.

Control Number  

joongbu:655486