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Peripheral Circuit Design Techniques for Emerging Memory.
Peripheral Circuit Design Techniques for Emerging Memory.

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0017165064
International Standard Book Number  
9798346786429
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
620
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Upton, Luke Robert.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : Stanford University., 2024
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
Physical Description  
208 p.
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-06, Section: A.
General Note  
Advisor: Wong, H. S. Philip.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2024.
Summary, Etc.  
요약As the capabilities of consumer electronics grow, so too does the need for low-energy, low-cost, and process-compatible embedded non-volatile memory (NVM). Resistive RAM (RRAM) is a technology that can meet this NVM need using materials and processes already available in a wide range of CMOS processes. However, (1) the read/write circuits required to access the information stored in a cell are often larger than the RRAM cells themselves in a macro, (2) there are competing pressures of decreasing read latency and increasing average read energy in an RRAM macro, and (3) the information stored in an RRAM cell must be retained even as the cell conductance experiences time-based variation. In this dissertation, we explore design methods for high-density, low energy RRAM storage macros. First, we present modeling approaches for RRAM macro readout circuit latency, energy, and thermal noise - spanning both voltage-based and current-based conductance sense amplifiers. From these models, we investigate the tradeoff between average read energy and input-referred thermal noise and find that there is not an inherent advantage in the voltage-based or current-based sensing scheme across all macro use cases. We then present a method to design small driver and pass gate circuits while providing the current and voltage necessary for RRAM cell write. The readout circuit models and write circuit area models are combined to generate prospective energy-area tradeoff curves for macro designs given RRAM cell parameters. This method allows designers to estimate read energy and macro density limits given an RRAM technology. Next, we demonstrate the Efficient Multiple-Bits-per-Cell Embedded RRAM (EMBER) macro, which uses the aforementioned read and write circuit design models/techniques to achieve a low read energy (1.0 pJ/bit single-bit-per-cell) with small unit cell area (5.6e-3 F2 single-bit-per-cell, F = 40 nm) compared to prior art. We also use experimental data obtained from EMBER to determine conductance level allocations most suitable for fast, low-BER write as well as conductance level allocations most suitable for low-energy, low-BER read over an extended period of time. Finally, we demonstrate that our read/write circuit design approach is not just applicable to RRAM, but to other emerging resistive NVMs as well.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Random access memory.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Space exploration.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Energy.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Macros.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Transistors.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Design techniques.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Aerospace engineering.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Computer science.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Design.
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
Stanford University.
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-06A.
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
Control Number  
joongbu:655283

MARC

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■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)AAI31757686
■035    ▼a(MiAaPQ)Stanforddj427mq8691
■040    ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820  ▼a620
■1001  ▼aUpton,  Luke  Robert.
■24510▼aPeripheral  Circuit  Design  Techniques  for  Emerging  Memory.
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bStanford  University.  ▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a208  p.
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-06,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Wong,  H.  S.  Philip.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Stanford  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aAs  the  capabilities  of  consumer  electronics  grow,  so  too  does  the  need  for  low-energy,  low-cost,  and  process-compatible  embedded  non-volatile  memory  (NVM).  Resistive  RAM  (RRAM)  is  a  technology  that  can  meet  this  NVM  need  using  materials  and  processes  already  available  in  a  wide  range  of  CMOS  processes.  However,  (1)  the  read/write  circuits  required  to  access  the  information  stored  in  a  cell  are  often  larger  than  the  RRAM  cells  themselves  in  a  macro,  (2)  there  are  competing  pressures  of  decreasing  read  latency  and  increasing  average  read  energy  in  an  RRAM  macro,  and  (3)  the  information  stored  in  an  RRAM  cell  must  be  retained  even  as  the  cell  conductance  experiences  time-based  variation.  In  this  dissertation,  we  explore  design  methods  for  high-density,  low  energy  RRAM  storage  macros.  First,  we  present  modeling  approaches  for  RRAM  macro  readout  circuit  latency,  energy,  and  thermal  noise  -  spanning  both  voltage-based  and  current-based  conductance  sense  amplifiers.  From  these  models,  we  investigate  the  tradeoff  between  average  read  energy  and  input-referred  thermal  noise  and  find  that  there  is  not  an  inherent  advantage  in  the  voltage-based  or  current-based  sensing  scheme  across  all  macro  use  cases.  We  then  present  a  method  to  design  small  driver  and  pass  gate  circuits  while  providing  the  current  and  voltage  necessary  for  RRAM  cell  write.  The  readout  circuit  models  and  write  circuit  area  models  are  combined  to  generate  prospective  energy-area  tradeoff  curves  for  macro  designs  given  RRAM  cell  parameters.  This  method  allows  designers  to  estimate  read  energy  and  macro  density  limits  given  an  RRAM  technology.  Next,  we  demonstrate  the  Efficient  Multiple-Bits-per-Cell  Embedded  RRAM  (EMBER)  macro,  which  uses  the  aforementioned  read  and  write  circuit  design  models/techniques  to  achieve  a  low  read  energy  (1.0  pJ/bit  single-bit-per-cell)  with  small  unit  cell  area  (5.6e-3  F2  single-bit-per-cell,  F  =  40  nm)  compared  to  prior  art.  We  also  use  experimental  data  obtained  from  EMBER  to  determine  conductance  level  allocations  most  suitable  for  fast,  low-BER  write  as  well  as  conductance  level  allocations  most  suitable  for  low-energy,  low-BER  read  over  an  extended  period  of  time.  Finally,  we  demonstrate  that  our  read/write  circuit  design  approach  is  not  just  applicable  to  RRAM,  but  to  other  emerging  resistive  NVMs  as  well.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0212.
■650  4▼aRandom  access  memory.
■650  4▼aSpace  exploration.
■650  4▼aEnergy.
■650  4▼aMacros.
■650  4▼aTransistors.
■650  4▼aDesign  techniques.
■650  4▼aAerospace  engineering.
■650  4▼aComputer  science.
■650  4▼aDesign.
■690    ▼a0791
■690    ▼a0538
■690    ▼a0984
■690    ▼a0389
■71020▼aStanford  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-06A.
■790    ▼a0212
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17165064▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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