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Essays on Prediction.
Essays on Prediction.

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0017161127
International Standard Book Number  
9798382830919
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
320
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Sagredo, Juan.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : University of Pennsylvania., 2024
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
Physical Description  
106 p.
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-12, Section: A.
General Note  
Advisor: Ordonez, Guillermo L.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2024.
Summary, Etc.  
요약Information has emerged as a primary determinant of outcomes in economic and, broader, social settings. In this dissertation, we focus on its implications for trade and policymaking.The first chapter, The Visible Hand: Price Discrimination Under Heterogeneous Precision, is motivated by firms' increased use of data to inform their decisions. The diffusion of this technological trend has been intensive, comprehensive, and unequal, with the emergence of leading sectors, firms, and business functions. Against this backdrop, I study the efficiency and distributional effects of these changes in a leading business function and sector, retailers' use of data to tailor offers, where firms are heterogeneous in their predictive ability.To study this technological change, I leverage a standard search-theoretic model of imperfect competition, featuring buyers with heterogeneous private valuations for quality, and introduce sellers who observe valuation signals of heterogeneous precision. Signals induce third-degree price discrimination, and their precision largely dictates whether they are used to increase trade or increase markups - impacting aggregate surplus and its distribution. When buyers' valuations are more heterogeneous, imprecisely informed sellers prioritize high markups despite limiting trade, and precision relaxes this tension, not only allowing them to pursue high markups when it is least obstructive but also primarily incentivizing low markup offers that increase trade upon signals indicative of low valuation - increasing aggregate surplus and benefiting (hurting) buyers with a low (high) valuation. However, when valuations are more homogeneous, imprecisely informed sellers prioritize trade, and precision can primarily incentivize high markup offers that limit trade upon signals indicative of high valuation, hurting all buyers and even decreasing aggregate surplus. In either case, precision makes sellers more profitable, but its effect on competitors can be positive or negative. Generally, competitors suffer (benefit) when laggards (leaders) gain precision.The second chapter, The Cost of Discipline, is motivated by a central channel in modern politics, which peaked during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereby the public's assessment of politicians and institutions is informed, in part, by comparing the actions of their political actors against those taken in other political regions for similar problems. This kind of oversight is traditionally considered to be beneficial for the public, decreasing their information gap with governing agents; however, as the pandemic illustrated, it can also homogenize policymaking - a potentially negative practice.Jointly with Guillermo Ordonnez and Helios Herrera, we study the effect of comparing agents' actions on ex-ante principal welfare when agents are (1) better informed about the returns of each action, (2) sometimes have ex-ante preferences in favor of certain actions (bias), (3) are concerned about the public's assessment (popularity), and (4) sequentially solve an identical problem with identical information about returns. A policy of comparisons increases principals' welfare over that achieved by a policy of monitoring only their own agents' actions whenever principals match with agents who have an identical distribution of characteristics (bias and popularity concern). However, when the distribution of agent characteristics is unequal between principals, the latter policy with less oversight can be better for principals. In particular, we show that asymmetry in the average agent's bias or popularity concern between principals can make comparisons detrimental for principals matched with better-aligned agents (greater popularity concern, lower bias), as these primarily incentivize rallying behind actions that are expected to be popular, even when they are worse for principals.An overarching theme between these chapters is the strategic role of inference: sellers leverage it to extract the greatest surplus from buyers, while agents leverage it to optimize the efficiency and popularity of their actions. Its pivotal nature in applications as central as retail and policymaking highlights the importance of understanding the rapidly evolving information space. In this dissertation, I build two theoretical frameworks that challenge popular narratives on these issues and provide policy guidance.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Political science.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Finance.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Public policy.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Policymaking
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Business function
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Firms
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Predictive ability
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
University of Pennsylvania Economics
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-12A.
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
Control Number  
joongbu:654490

MARC

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■1001  ▼aSagredo,  Juan.
■24510▼aEssays  on  Prediction.
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bUniversity  of  Pennsylvania.  ▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a106  p.
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Ordonez,  Guillermo  L.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--University  of  Pennsylvania,  2024.
■520    ▼aInformation  has  emerged  as  a  primary  determinant  of  outcomes  in  economic  and,  broader,  social  settings.  In  this  dissertation,  we  focus  on  its  implications  for  trade  and  policymaking.The  first  chapter,  The  Visible  Hand:  Price  Discrimination  Under  Heterogeneous  Precision,  is  motivated  by  firms'  increased  use  of  data  to  inform  their  decisions.  The  diffusion  of  this  technological  trend  has  been  intensive,  comprehensive,  and  unequal,  with  the  emergence  of  leading  sectors,  firms,  and  business  functions.  Against  this  backdrop,  I  study  the  efficiency  and  distributional  effects  of  these  changes  in  a  leading  business  function  and  sector,  retailers'  use  of  data  to  tailor  offers,  where  firms  are  heterogeneous  in  their  predictive  ability.To  study  this  technological  change,  I  leverage  a  standard  search-theoretic  model  of  imperfect  competition,  featuring  buyers  with  heterogeneous  private  valuations  for  quality,  and  introduce  sellers  who  observe  valuation  signals  of  heterogeneous  precision.  Signals  induce  third-degree  price  discrimination,  and  their  precision  largely  dictates  whether  they  are  used  to  increase  trade  or  increase  markups  -  impacting  aggregate  surplus  and  its  distribution.  When  buyers'  valuations  are  more  heterogeneous,  imprecisely  informed  sellers  prioritize  high  markups  despite  limiting  trade,  and  precision  relaxes  this  tension,  not  only  allowing  them  to  pursue  high  markups  when  it  is  least  obstructive  but  also  primarily  incentivizing  low  markup  offers  that  increase  trade  upon  signals  indicative  of  low  valuation  -  increasing  aggregate  surplus  and  benefiting  (hurting)  buyers  with  a  low  (high)  valuation.  However,  when  valuations  are  more  homogeneous,  imprecisely  informed  sellers  prioritize  trade,  and  precision  can  primarily  incentivize  high  markup  offers  that  limit  trade  upon  signals  indicative  of  high  valuation,  hurting  all  buyers  and  even  decreasing  aggregate  surplus.  In  either  case,  precision  makes  sellers  more  profitable,  but  its  effect  on  competitors  can  be  positive  or  negative.  Generally,  competitors  suffer  (benefit)  when  laggards  (leaders)  gain  precision.The  second  chapter,  The  Cost  of  Discipline,  is  motivated  by  a  central  channel  in  modern  politics,  which  peaked  during  the  COVID-19  pandemic,  whereby  the  public's  assessment  of  politicians  and  institutions  is  informed,  in  part,  by  comparing  the  actions  of  their  political  actors  against  those  taken  in  other  political  regions  for  similar  problems.  This  kind  of  oversight  is  traditionally  considered  to  be  beneficial  for  the  public,  decreasing  their  information  gap  with  governing  agents;  however,  as  the  pandemic  illustrated,  it  can  also  homogenize  policymaking  -  a  potentially  negative  practice.Jointly  with  Guillermo  Ordonnez  and  Helios  Herrera,  we  study  the  effect  of  comparing  agents'  actions  on  ex-ante  principal  welfare  when  agents  are  (1)  better  informed  about  the  returns  of  each  action,  (2)  sometimes  have  ex-ante  preferences  in  favor  of  certain  actions  (bias),  (3)  are  concerned  about  the  public's  assessment  (popularity),  and  (4)  sequentially  solve  an  identical  problem  with  identical  information  about  returns.  A  policy  of  comparisons  increases  principals'  welfare  over  that  achieved  by  a  policy  of  monitoring  only  their  own  agents'  actions  whenever  principals  match  with  agents  who  have  an  identical  distribution  of  characteristics  (bias  and  popularity  concern).  However,  when  the  distribution  of  agent  characteristics  is  unequal  between  principals,  the  latter  policy  with  less  oversight  can  be  better  for  principals.  In  particular,  we  show  that  asymmetry  in  the  average  agent's  bias  or  popularity  concern  between  principals  can  make  comparisons  detrimental  for  principals  matched  with  better-aligned  agents  (greater  popularity  concern,  lower  bias),  as  these  primarily  incentivize  rallying  behind  actions  that  are  expected  to  be  popular,  even  when  they  are  worse  for  principals.An  overarching  theme  between  these  chapters  is  the  strategic  role  of  inference:  sellers  leverage  it  to  extract  the  greatest  surplus  from  buyers,  while  agents  leverage  it  to  optimize  the  efficiency  and  popularity  of  their  actions.  Its  pivotal  nature  in  applications  as  central  as  retail  and  policymaking  highlights  the  importance  of  understanding  the  rapidly  evolving  information  space.  In  this  dissertation,  I  build  two  theoretical  frameworks  that  challenge  popular  narratives  on  these  issues  and  provide  policy  guidance.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0175.
■650  4▼aPolitical  science.
■650  4▼aFinance.
■650  4▼aPublic  policy.
■653    ▼aPolicymaking
■653    ▼aBusiness  function
■653    ▼aFirms
■653    ▼aPredictive  ability
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0615
■690    ▼a0630
■690    ▼a0508
■71020▼aUniversity  of  Pennsylvania▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-12A.
■790    ▼a0175
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161127▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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