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Molecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Inflammatory Caspase-Mediated Innate Immunity.
Molecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Inflammatory Caspase-Mediated Innate Immunity.

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0017161997
International Standard Book Number  
9798346567165
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
576.6
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Devant, Pascal Maurice.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : Harvard University., 2024
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024
Physical Description  
250 p.
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-05, Section: B.
General Note  
Advisor: Kagan, Jonathan C.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University, 2024.
Summary, Etc.  
요약The ability of the immune system to mount an appropriate inflammatory response is critical for our bodies' defense against infection. To effectively coordinate this response, infected cells and immune cells communicate through the secretion of soluble signaling molecules called cytokines. Cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family are particularly potent mediators of pro-inflammatory signaling. Unlike other cytokines, members of the IL-1 family are synthesized as inactive cytoplasmic pro-proteins whose N-termini must be proteolytically processed to achieve or enhance their bioactivity. The maturation and release of IL-1 family cytokines is controlled by a group of proteases called inflammatory caspases, which includes caspase-1, as well as caspase-4 and caspase-5 in humans and caspase-11 in mice. Despite the importance of these enzymes, the molecular basis of how caspases select their substrates and how these substrates mediate inflammation post-cleavage is not well understood.A long-held dogma in the field was that caspase-1 is the only inflammatory caspase capable of directly cleaving IL-1 cytokines. Two observations presented in this thesis challenge this view: We found that caspase-4 homologs present in mammals of the order Carnivora (such as dogs, cats, seals, bears) cleave the IL-1 family cytokine IL-1β, and human caspase-4 and caspase-5, but not murine caspase-11, cleave IL-18. Through comparative biology analyses, coupled with biochemical and structural biology approaches, we identified molecular determinants of IL-1β and IL-18 cleavage in these caspase-4 homologs. Many of the described principles extended to other inflammatory caspases, including caspase-1 and caspase-11, which allowed for the engineering of caspase variants with user-defined catalytic specificities. In cells, the ability to directly cleave IL-1β and/or IL-18 together with their established functions as sensors of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inducers of lytic cell death enabled select caspase-4 proteins to act as one-protein signaling pathways, which directly link cytosolic LPS detection to IL-1 cytokine release, independent of caspase-1 and inflammasomes.Our studies also revealed why cleavage of an IL-1 cytokine is necessary to activate its signaling capacity. Structural analyses showed that uncleaved pro-IL-18 (in its apo form or in complex with a caspase) exhibits extensive conformational differences to mature IL-18. Specifically, the receptor binding site is only formed following cleavage-induced rearrangements within IL-18. This finding explains why IL-18 but not pro-IL-18 can engage and signal through the cognate IL-18 receptor complex on target cells to induce inflammation,Before IL-1 cytokines can bind to target cells to induce inflammation, they are released from cells through the actions of another inflammatory caspase substrate, gasdermin D (GSDMD), whose N-terminal domain forms pores in the plasma membrane post-cleavage. In the final study of this thesis, we sought to identify cell biological mechanisms regulating this process. Using a combination of forward genetic screening, biochemical and cell biological analyses, we identified an unexpected link between cellular metabolism and GSDMD function. We found that reactive oxygen species produced downstream of the Ragulator-Rag complex (a regulator of lysosomal metabolism), detection of signs of microbial encounter, or mitochondrial dysfunction enhanced GSDMD activities through direct oxidation of a specific cysteine (C192) within GSDMD. We thus identified cellular redox state as a key determinant of GSDMD activities. Taken together, the work presented in this thesis uncovered an unappreciated functional diversity in caspase-4 proteins from different mammalian species and revealed important insights into caspase-mediated IL-1 cytokine maturation and signalling and novel regulatory mechanisms of GSDMD pore formation.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Virology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Molecular biology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Immunology.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Innate immunity
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Cytokines
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Interleukin
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Lipopolysaccharides
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Gasdermin D
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
Harvard University Medical Sciences
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 86-05B.
Electronic Location and Access  
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Control Number  
joongbu:654342

MARC

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■1001  ▼aDevant,  Pascal  Maurice.▼0(orcid)0000-0001-9743-6764
■24510▼aMolecular  and  Evolutionary  Aspects  of  Inflammatory  Caspase-Mediated  Innate  Immunity.
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bHarvard  University.  ▼c2024
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2024
■300    ▼a250  p.
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  86-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Kagan,  Jonathan  C.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Harvard  University,  2024.
■520    ▼aThe  ability  of  the  immune  system  to  mount  an  appropriate  inflammatory  response  is  critical  for  our  bodies'  defense  against  infection.  To  effectively  coordinate  this  response,  infected  cells  and  immune  cells  communicate  through  the  secretion  of  soluble  signaling  molecules  called  cytokines.  Cytokines  of  the  interleukin  (IL)-1  family  are  particularly  potent  mediators  of  pro-inflammatory  signaling.  Unlike  other  cytokines,  members  of  the  IL-1  family  are  synthesized  as  inactive  cytoplasmic  pro-proteins  whose  N-termini  must  be  proteolytically  processed  to  achieve  or  enhance  their  bioactivity.  The  maturation  and  release  of  IL-1  family  cytokines  is  controlled  by  a  group  of  proteases  called  inflammatory  caspases,  which  includes  caspase-1,  as  well  as  caspase-4  and  caspase-5  in  humans  and  caspase-11  in  mice.  Despite  the  importance  of  these  enzymes,  the  molecular  basis  of  how  caspases  select  their  substrates  and  how  these  substrates  mediate  inflammation  post-cleavage  is  not  well  understood.A  long-held  dogma  in  the  field  was  that  caspase-1  is  the  only  inflammatory  caspase  capable  of  directly  cleaving  IL-1  cytokines.  Two  observations  presented  in  this  thesis  challenge  this  view:  We  found  that  caspase-4  homologs  present  in  mammals  of  the  order  Carnivora  (such  as  dogs,  cats,  seals,  bears)  cleave  the  IL-1  family  cytokine  IL-1β,  and  human  caspase-4  and  caspase-5,  but  not  murine  caspase-11,  cleave  IL-18.  Through  comparative  biology  analyses,  coupled  with  biochemical  and  structural  biology  approaches,  we  identified  molecular  determinants  of  IL-1β  and  IL-18  cleavage  in  these  caspase-4  homologs.  Many  of  the  described  principles  extended  to  other  inflammatory  caspases,  including  caspase-1  and  caspase-11,  which  allowed  for  the  engineering  of  caspase  variants  with  user-defined  catalytic  specificities.  In  cells,  the  ability  to  directly  cleave  IL-1β  and/or  IL-18  together  with  their  established  functions  as  sensors  of  bacterial  lipopolysaccharide  (LPS)  and  inducers  of  lytic  cell  death  enabled  select  caspase-4  proteins  to  act  as  one-protein  signaling  pathways,  which  directly  link  cytosolic  LPS  detection  to  IL-1  cytokine  release,  independent  of  caspase-1  and  inflammasomes.Our  studies  also  revealed  why  cleavage  of  an  IL-1  cytokine  is  necessary  to  activate  its  signaling  capacity.  Structural  analyses  showed  that  uncleaved  pro-IL-18  (in  its  apo  form  or  in  complex  with  a  caspase)  exhibits  extensive  conformational  differences  to  mature  IL-18.  Specifically,  the  receptor  binding  site  is  only  formed  following  cleavage-induced  rearrangements  within  IL-18.  This  finding  explains  why  IL-18  but  not  pro-IL-18  can  engage  and  signal  through  the  cognate  IL-18  receptor  complex  on  target  cells  to  induce  inflammation,Before  IL-1  cytokines  can  bind  to  target  cells  to  induce  inflammation,  they  are  released  from  cells  through  the  actions  of  another  inflammatory  caspase  substrate,  gasdermin  D  (GSDMD),  whose  N-terminal  domain  forms  pores  in  the  plasma  membrane  post-cleavage.  In  the  final  study  of  this  thesis,  we  sought  to  identify  cell  biological  mechanisms  regulating  this  process.  Using  a  combination  of  forward  genetic  screening,  biochemical  and  cell  biological  analyses,  we  identified  an  unexpected  link  between  cellular  metabolism  and  GSDMD  function.  We  found  that  reactive  oxygen  species  produced  downstream  of  the  Ragulator-Rag  complex  (a  regulator  of  lysosomal  metabolism),  detection  of  signs  of  microbial  encounter,  or  mitochondrial  dysfunction  enhanced  GSDMD  activities  through  direct  oxidation  of  a  specific  cysteine  (C192)  within  GSDMD.  We  thus  identified  cellular  redox  state  as  a  key  determinant  of  GSDMD  activities.  Taken  together,  the  work  presented  in  this  thesis  uncovered  an  unappreciated  functional  diversity  in  caspase-4  proteins  from  different  mammalian  species  and  revealed  important  insights  into  caspase-mediated  IL-1  cytokine  maturation  and  signalling  and  novel  regulatory  mechanisms  of  GSDMD  pore  formation.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0084.
■650  4▼aVirology.
■650  4▼aMolecular  biology.
■650  4▼aImmunology.
■653    ▼aInnate  immunity
■653    ▼aCytokines
■653    ▼aInterleukin
■653    ▼aLipopolysaccharides
■653    ▼aGasdermin  D
■690    ▼a0720
■690    ▼a0982
■690    ▼a0307
■71020▼aHarvard  University▼bMedical  Sciences.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g86-05B.
■790    ▼a0084
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2024
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T17161997▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.

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