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Essays on the Role of Value in Decision-Making- [electronic resource]
Essays on the Role of Value in Decision-Making- [electronic resource]
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문
- Control Number
- 0016935471
- International Standard Book Number
- 9798380183222
- Dewey Decimal Classification Number
- 150
- Main Entry-Personal Name
- Shevlin, Blair R. K.
- Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint
- [S.l.] : The Ohio State University., 2022
- Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022
- Physical Description
- 1 online resource(255 p.)
- General Note
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
- General Note
- Advisor: Krajbich, Ian.
- Dissertation Note
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2022.
- Restrictions on Access Note
- This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
- Summary, Etc.
- 요약How do decision-makers incorporate value into the choices they make, and how does attention operate on these values? This dissertation will address these questions across three chapters. Chapter one will assess decision-makers' capacity for value-based discrimination, identifying the ways in which value influences choice. Chapter two will evaluate and compare computational accounts for these value-based effects on decision-making. Chapter three will explore the role of attention and context in value-based decision-making, providing a further test of these computational models.Prior work has observed that decision-makers tend to respond faster to higher-value options. There are several competing hypotheses that account for these value magnitude-dependent response times. According to one perspective, this behavior emerges from the properties of value-sensitive brain regions, whose firing rates saturate as subjective evaluations increase. Alternatively, this behavior may be due to nonlinear properties of the mental representation of value, such that subjective values are logarithmic transformations of objective values. Still others have argued that this behavior reflects an intentional strategy on behalf of decision-makers to sacrifice accuracy in order to quickly obtain something desirable. All of these hypotheses predict diminishing value sensitivity; that is, decision-makers will be less sensitive to the differences between high-value options than low-value options. However, across three experiments, I observed the opposite: decision-makers made more accurate decisions when deciding between higher-value options. I used computational modeling to demonstrate that this is because decision-makers extract higher-quality information from the most valuable options. Additionally, I found that when decision-makers are given information about the value of the upcoming choices, they exercise greater response caution when choosing among high-value options. Taken together, I provide evidence against the diminishing value sensitivity hypothesis. Although decision-makers are sensitive to value magnitudes and not just value differences, the prevailing computational framework of the decision-making process, the diffusion model, assumes that decision-makers only incorporate information about value differences. Prior work demonstrates that incorporating gaze patterns into the diffusion model will allow it to account for value magnitude-dependent response times. I hypothesized that researchers may have made mistaken conclusions about diminishing value sensitivity because they were using misspecified models that ignored visual attention. I conducted a series of simulation studies to evaluate how the standard diffusion model would fit choice and response time data generated by a gaze-based diffusion model. I found that the standard diffusion model will often yield value-dependent boundary separation or non-decision time when fitted to data generated with a gaze-dependent evidence accumulation process. These results demonstrate that researchers need to ensure that they are using the right tools to assess the decision process; otherwise, they might misidentify the underlying mechanisms for value-based choice.Finally, I explored how outside options impacted the relationship between attention, value, and choice. Gaze-based diffusion models predict attention's impact on choice depends on not only the value magnitude, but also the value valence. Increasing attention should increase choice probabilities for positive-valence options but should decrease choice probabilities for negative-valence options. Alternative frameworks argue that this only holds in forced-choice tasks, and that increasing attention will increase choice probabilities independent of value valence when decision-makers can opt-out and choose an outside option. I tested these predictions in an experiment where options could have positive or negative values in conditions where decision-makers were either forced to choose an available option or could opt-out of trials. While I found that attention operated in differently in the contexts with outside options, I found valence-dependent choice behavior in both conditions. These results were most consistent with a comparative, gaze-based diffusion model.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Psychology.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Neurosciences.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Experimental psychology.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Mental health.
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Decision-making
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Neuroeconomics
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Standard diffusion model
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Mental representation
- Added Entry-Corporate Name
- The Ohio State University Psychology
- Host Item Entry
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
- Host Item Entry
- Dissertation Abstract International
- Electronic Location and Access
- 로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
- Control Number
- joongbu:642906
MARC
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■035 ▼a(MiAaPQ)OhioLINKosu1657231636304466
■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a150
■1001 ▼aShevlin, Blair R. K.
■24510▼aEssays on the Role of Value in Decision-Making▼h[electronic resource]
■260 ▼a[S.l.]▼bThe Ohio State University. ▼c2022
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2022
■300 ▼a1 online resource(255 p.)
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Krajbich, Ian.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2022.
■506 ▼aThis item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
■520 ▼aHow do decision-makers incorporate value into the choices they make, and how does attention operate on these values? This dissertation will address these questions across three chapters. Chapter one will assess decision-makers' capacity for value-based discrimination, identifying the ways in which value influences choice. Chapter two will evaluate and compare computational accounts for these value-based effects on decision-making. Chapter three will explore the role of attention and context in value-based decision-making, providing a further test of these computational models.Prior work has observed that decision-makers tend to respond faster to higher-value options. There are several competing hypotheses that account for these value magnitude-dependent response times. According to one perspective, this behavior emerges from the properties of value-sensitive brain regions, whose firing rates saturate as subjective evaluations increase. Alternatively, this behavior may be due to nonlinear properties of the mental representation of value, such that subjective values are logarithmic transformations of objective values. Still others have argued that this behavior reflects an intentional strategy on behalf of decision-makers to sacrifice accuracy in order to quickly obtain something desirable. All of these hypotheses predict diminishing value sensitivity; that is, decision-makers will be less sensitive to the differences between high-value options than low-value options. However, across three experiments, I observed the opposite: decision-makers made more accurate decisions when deciding between higher-value options. I used computational modeling to demonstrate that this is because decision-makers extract higher-quality information from the most valuable options. Additionally, I found that when decision-makers are given information about the value of the upcoming choices, they exercise greater response caution when choosing among high-value options. Taken together, I provide evidence against the diminishing value sensitivity hypothesis. Although decision-makers are sensitive to value magnitudes and not just value differences, the prevailing computational framework of the decision-making process, the diffusion model, assumes that decision-makers only incorporate information about value differences. Prior work demonstrates that incorporating gaze patterns into the diffusion model will allow it to account for value magnitude-dependent response times. I hypothesized that researchers may have made mistaken conclusions about diminishing value sensitivity because they were using misspecified models that ignored visual attention. I conducted a series of simulation studies to evaluate how the standard diffusion model would fit choice and response time data generated by a gaze-based diffusion model. I found that the standard diffusion model will often yield value-dependent boundary separation or non-decision time when fitted to data generated with a gaze-dependent evidence accumulation process. These results demonstrate that researchers need to ensure that they are using the right tools to assess the decision process; otherwise, they might misidentify the underlying mechanisms for value-based choice.Finally, I explored how outside options impacted the relationship between attention, value, and choice. Gaze-based diffusion models predict attention's impact on choice depends on not only the value magnitude, but also the value valence. Increasing attention should increase choice probabilities for positive-valence options but should decrease choice probabilities for negative-valence options. Alternative frameworks argue that this only holds in forced-choice tasks, and that increasing attention will increase choice probabilities independent of value valence when decision-makers can opt-out and choose an outside option. I tested these predictions in an experiment where options could have positive or negative values in conditions where decision-makers were either forced to choose an available option or could opt-out of trials. While I found that attention operated in differently in the contexts with outside options, I found valence-dependent choice behavior in both conditions. These results were most consistent with a comparative, gaze-based diffusion model.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0168.
■650 4▼aPsychology.
■650 4▼aNeurosciences.
■650 4▼aExperimental psychology.
■650 4▼aMental health.
■653 ▼aDecision-making
■653 ▼aNeuroeconomics
■653 ▼aStandard diffusion model
■653 ▼aMental representation
■690 ▼a0621
■690 ▼a0317
■690 ▼a0347
■690 ▼a0623
■71020▼aThe Ohio State University▼bPsychology.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-03B.
■773 ▼tDissertation Abstract International
■790 ▼a0168
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2022
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16935471▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
■980 ▼a202402▼f2024
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