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Essays on the Role of Value in Decision-Making- [electronic resource]
Essays on the Role of Value in Decision-Making- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0016935471
International Standard Book Number  
9798380183222
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
150
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Shevlin, Blair R. K.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : The Ohio State University., 2022
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022
Physical Description  
1 online resource(255 p.)
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
General Note  
Advisor: Krajbich, Ian.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2022.
Restrictions on Access Note  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
Summary, Etc.  
요약How do decision-makers incorporate value into the choices they make, and how does attention operate on these values? This dissertation will address these questions across three chapters. Chapter one will assess decision-makers' capacity for value-based discrimination, identifying the ways in which value influences choice. Chapter two will evaluate and compare computational accounts for these value-based effects on decision-making. Chapter three will explore the role of attention and context in value-based decision-making, providing a further test of these computational models.Prior work has observed that decision-makers tend to respond faster to higher-value options. There are several competing hypotheses that account for these value magnitude-dependent response times. According to one perspective, this behavior emerges from the properties of value-sensitive brain regions, whose firing rates saturate as subjective evaluations increase. Alternatively, this behavior may be due to nonlinear properties of the mental representation of value, such that subjective values are logarithmic transformations of objective values. Still others have argued that this behavior reflects an intentional strategy on behalf of decision-makers to sacrifice accuracy in order to quickly obtain something desirable. All of these hypotheses predict diminishing value sensitivity; that is, decision-makers will be less sensitive to the differences between high-value options than low-value options. However, across three experiments, I observed the opposite: decision-makers made more accurate decisions when deciding between higher-value options. I used computational modeling to demonstrate that this is because decision-makers extract higher-quality information from the most valuable options. Additionally, I found that when decision-makers are given information about the value of the upcoming choices, they exercise greater response caution when choosing among high-value options. Taken together, I provide evidence against the diminishing value sensitivity hypothesis. Although decision-makers are sensitive to value magnitudes and not just value differences, the prevailing computational framework of the decision-making process, the diffusion model, assumes that decision-makers only incorporate information about value differences. Prior work demonstrates that incorporating gaze patterns into the diffusion model will allow it to account for value magnitude-dependent response times. I hypothesized that researchers may have made mistaken conclusions about diminishing value sensitivity because they were using misspecified models that ignored visual attention. I conducted a series of simulation studies to evaluate how the standard diffusion model would fit choice and response time data generated by a gaze-based diffusion model. I found that the standard diffusion model will often yield value-dependent boundary separation or non-decision time when fitted to data generated with a gaze-dependent evidence accumulation process. These results demonstrate that researchers need to ensure that they are using the right tools to assess the decision process; otherwise, they might misidentify the underlying mechanisms for value-based choice.Finally, I explored how outside options impacted the relationship between attention, value, and choice. Gaze-based diffusion models predict attention's impact on choice depends on not only the value magnitude, but also the value valence. Increasing attention should increase choice probabilities for positive-valence options but should decrease choice probabilities for negative-valence options. Alternative frameworks argue that this only holds in forced-choice tasks, and that increasing attention will increase choice probabilities independent of value valence when decision-makers can opt-out and choose an outside option. I tested these predictions in an experiment where options could have positive or negative values in conditions where decision-makers were either forced to choose an available option or could opt-out of trials. While I found that attention operated in differently in the contexts with outside options, I found valence-dependent choice behavior in both conditions. These results were most consistent with a comparative, gaze-based diffusion model.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Psychology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Neurosciences.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Experimental psychology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Mental health.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Decision-making
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Neuroeconomics
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Standard diffusion model
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Mental representation
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
The Ohio State University Psychology
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
Host Item Entry  
Dissertation Abstract International
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
Control Number  
joongbu:642906

MARC

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■1001  ▼aShevlin,  Blair  R.  K.
■24510▼aEssays  on  the  Role  of  Value  in  Decision-Making▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bThe  Ohio  State  University.  ▼c2022
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2022
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(255  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Krajbich,  Ian.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2022.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aHow  do  decision-makers  incorporate  value  into  the  choices  they  make,  and  how  does  attention  operate  on  these  values?  This  dissertation  will  address  these  questions  across  three  chapters.  Chapter  one  will  assess  decision-makers'  capacity  for  value-based  discrimination,  identifying  the  ways  in  which  value  influences  choice.  Chapter  two  will  evaluate  and  compare  computational  accounts  for  these  value-based  effects  on  decision-making.  Chapter  three  will  explore  the  role  of  attention  and  context  in  value-based  decision-making,  providing  a  further  test  of  these  computational  models.Prior  work  has  observed  that  decision-makers  tend  to  respond  faster  to  higher-value  options.  There  are  several  competing  hypotheses  that  account  for  these  value  magnitude-dependent  response  times.  According  to  one  perspective,  this  behavior  emerges  from  the  properties  of  value-sensitive  brain  regions,  whose  firing  rates  saturate  as  subjective  evaluations  increase.  Alternatively,  this  behavior  may  be  due  to  nonlinear  properties  of  the  mental  representation  of  value,  such  that  subjective  values  are  logarithmic  transformations  of  objective  values.  Still  others  have  argued  that  this  behavior  reflects  an  intentional  strategy  on  behalf  of  decision-makers  to  sacrifice  accuracy  in  order  to  quickly  obtain  something  desirable.  All  of  these  hypotheses  predict  diminishing  value  sensitivity;  that  is,  decision-makers  will  be  less  sensitive  to  the  differences  between  high-value  options  than  low-value  options.  However,  across  three  experiments,  I  observed  the  opposite:  decision-makers  made  more  accurate  decisions  when  deciding  between  higher-value  options.  I  used  computational  modeling  to  demonstrate  that  this  is because  decision-makers  extract  higher-quality  information  from  the  most  valuable  options.  Additionally,  I  found  that  when  decision-makers  are  given  information  about  the  value  of  the  upcoming  choices,  they  exercise  greater  response  caution  when  choosing  among  high-value  options.  Taken  together,  I  provide  evidence  against  the  diminishing  value  sensitivity  hypothesis.  Although  decision-makers  are  sensitive  to  value  magnitudes  and  not  just  value  differences,  the  prevailing  computational  framework  of  the  decision-making  process,  the  diffusion  model,  assumes  that  decision-makers  only  incorporate  information  about  value  differences.  Prior  work  demonstrates  that  incorporating  gaze  patterns  into  the  diffusion  model  will  allow  it  to  account  for  value  magnitude-dependent  response  times.  I  hypothesized  that  researchers  may  have  made  mistaken  conclusions  about  diminishing  value  sensitivity  because  they  were  using  misspecified  models  that  ignored  visual  attention.  I  conducted  a  series  of  simulation  studies  to  evaluate  how  the  standard  diffusion  model  would  fit  choice  and  response  time  data  generated  by  a  gaze-based  diffusion  model.  I  found  that  the  standard  diffusion  model  will  often  yield  value-dependent  boundary  separation  or  non-decision  time  when  fitted  to  data  generated  with  a  gaze-dependent  evidence  accumulation  process.  These  results  demonstrate  that  researchers  need  to  ensure  that  they  are  using  the  right  tools  to  assess  the  decision  process;  otherwise,  they  might  misidentify  the  underlying  mechanisms  for  value-based  choice.Finally,  I  explored  how  outside  options  impacted  the  relationship  between  attention,  value,  and  choice.  Gaze-based  diffusion  models  predict  attention's  impact  on  choice  depends  on  not  only  the  value  magnitude,  but  also  the  value  valence.  Increasing  attention  should  increase  choice  probabilities  for  positive-valence  options  but  should  decrease  choice  probabilities  for  negative-valence  options.  Alternative  frameworks  argue  that  this  only  holds  in  forced-choice  tasks,  and  that  increasing  attention  will  increase  choice  probabilities  independent  of  value  valence  when  decision-makers  can  opt-out  and  choose  an  outside  option.  I  tested  these  predictions  in  an  experiment  where  options  could  have  positive  or  negative  values  in  conditions  where  decision-makers  were  either  forced  to  choose  an  available  option  or  could  opt-out  of  trials.  While  I  found  that  attention  operated  in  differently  in  the  contexts  with  outside  options,  I  found  valence-dependent  choice  behavior  in  both  conditions.  These  results  were  most  consistent  with  a  comparative,  gaze-based  diffusion  model.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aPsychology.
■650  4▼aNeurosciences.
■650  4▼aExperimental  psychology.
■650  4▼aMental  health.
■653    ▼aDecision-making
■653    ▼aNeuroeconomics
■653    ▼aStandard  diffusion  model
■653    ▼aMental  representation
■690    ▼a0621
■690    ▼a0317
■690    ▼a0347
■690    ▼a0623
■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bPsychology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-03B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2022
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16935471▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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