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Improving Equity in Decision Support Systems- [electronic resource]
Improving Equity in Decision Support Systems- [electronic resource]
상세정보
- 자료유형
- 학위논문
- Control Number
- 0016933723
- International Standard Book Number
- 9798380257169
- Dewey Decimal Classification Number
- 900
- Main Entry-Personal Name
- Newton, Robert A.
- Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint
- [S.l.] : The Pennsylvania State University., 2023
- Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint
- Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
- Physical Description
- 1 online resource(117 p.)
- General Note
- Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: A.
- General Note
- Advisor: Griffin, Paul M.
- Dissertation Note
- Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2023.
- Restrictions on Access Note
- This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
- Summary, Etc.
- 요약This dissertation introduces several methods to improve equitability among stakeholders in decision support systems. Each model provides decision makers frameworks with which to consider both resulting overall impacts as well as distributions across subgroups. Whether allocating funds or services, we seek to provide a foundation for decision makers to navigate their problem sets to prioritize accurate and fair allocations inclusive of all stakeholders.In 2021, four major pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors reached a proposed settlement agreement with 46 state Attorneys General of $26 billion to address their liabilities in fueling the US opioid epidemic. It raises important questions about abatement conceptualization and measurement for allocating settlement funds among sub-state entities. We outline the political economy tensions undergirding the settlement and allocation, introduce an abatement conceptual framework, describe how an abatement formula was developed for Pennsylvania to allocate settlement funds, and summarize considerations for future settlement allocation efforts.We, then, evaluated the weighted combination of metrics agreed upon by Pennsylvania stakeholders to allocate settlement funds along with three other strategies from the literature that optimize allocations based on social welfare functions. We present these strategies and use them to compute new allocations for comparison. Specifically, we contrast Pennsylvania's strategy with strategies that 1) minimize total deviation, 2) minimize the worst-case (minimax) regret, and 3) balance efficiency with equity using alpha-fairness. While the Pennsylvania allocation is noteworthy in that all parties agreed to it, an allocation based on relative regret may be a more fairly perceived allocation---whether using minimax regret or blending efficiency using proportional fairness.We, next, offer a model to site additional locations to address inequity found from minimizing mean absolute deviation informed by locations recommended as maximal covering location problem solutions---to maximize the number of emergencies within the overall average distance. We used these solutions to recommend additional locations to decision makers, and provide an example solution using 2019 data from the United States Internal Revenue Service and San Francisco Fire Department that significantly increases the access to emergency rooms for low income ZIP code tabulation areas while reducing overall average distance to an emergency room and the mean absolute deviation.Finally, we discuss a model to support how Air Force Special Operations Command screens and selects candidates to lead operational squadrons each year. Currently, the command's senior leaders manually score each eligible officer's record. Senior leaders then evaluate officers who score above a given level, discussing suitability and fit for unit leadership. We developed a deep neural network to assist record scoring in a bias-aware process, utilizing an existing personnel database, generating scores for officer records. While demographics were unbalanced (predominantly white males), our network demonstrated 94% accuracy for candidate selection when compared to the 2020 results, and no significance of gender and race factors, suggesting the approach assist the board during the initial sorting phase. Such a model could free senior leaders from spending valuable time reviewing hundreds of records, instead spending collective time applying knowledge of candidates and squadrons to ensure the command selects high caliber leaders.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Hispanic Americans.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Emergency medical care.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Drug overdose.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Integer programming.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Demographics.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Decision making.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Neural networks.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Settlements & damages.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Tobacco.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Narcotics.
- Subject Added Entry-Topical Term
- Industrial engineering.
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Equity
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Decision makers
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Decision support systems
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Stakeholders
- Index Term-Uncontrolled
- Pharmaceutical manufacturers
- Added Entry-Corporate Name
- The Pennsylvania State University.
- Host Item Entry
- Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03A.
- Host Item Entry
- Dissertation Abstract International
- Electronic Location and Access
- 로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
- Control Number
- joongbu:640689
MARC
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■040 ▼aMiAaPQ▼cMiAaPQ
■0820 ▼a900
■1001 ▼aNewton, Robert A.
■24510▼aImproving Equity in Decision Support Systems▼h[electronic resource]
■260 ▼a[S.l.]▼bThe Pennsylvania State University. ▼c2023
■260 1▼aAnn Arbor▼bProQuest Dissertations & Theses▼c2023
■300 ▼a1 online resource(117 p.)
■500 ▼aSource: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: A.
■500 ▼aAdvisor: Griffin, Paul M.
■5021 ▼aThesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2023.
■506 ▼aThis item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
■520 ▼aThis dissertation introduces several methods to improve equitability among stakeholders in decision support systems. Each model provides decision makers frameworks with which to consider both resulting overall impacts as well as distributions across subgroups. Whether allocating funds or services, we seek to provide a foundation for decision makers to navigate their problem sets to prioritize accurate and fair allocations inclusive of all stakeholders.In 2021, four major pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors reached a proposed settlement agreement with 46 state Attorneys General of $26 billion to address their liabilities in fueling the US opioid epidemic. It raises important questions about abatement conceptualization and measurement for allocating settlement funds among sub-state entities. We outline the political economy tensions undergirding the settlement and allocation, introduce an abatement conceptual framework, describe how an abatement formula was developed for Pennsylvania to allocate settlement funds, and summarize considerations for future settlement allocation efforts.We, then, evaluated the weighted combination of metrics agreed upon by Pennsylvania stakeholders to allocate settlement funds along with three other strategies from the literature that optimize allocations based on social welfare functions. We present these strategies and use them to compute new allocations for comparison. Specifically, we contrast Pennsylvania's strategy with strategies that 1) minimize total deviation, 2) minimize the worst-case (minimax) regret, and 3) balance efficiency with equity using alpha-fairness. While the Pennsylvania allocation is noteworthy in that all parties agreed to it, an allocation based on relative regret may be a more fairly perceived allocation---whether using minimax regret or blending efficiency using proportional fairness.We, next, offer a model to site additional locations to address inequity found from minimizing mean absolute deviation informed by locations recommended as maximal covering location problem solutions---to maximize the number of emergencies within the overall average distance. We used these solutions to recommend additional locations to decision makers, and provide an example solution using 2019 data from the United States Internal Revenue Service and San Francisco Fire Department that significantly increases the access to emergency rooms for low income ZIP code tabulation areas while reducing overall average distance to an emergency room and the mean absolute deviation.Finally, we discuss a model to support how Air Force Special Operations Command screens and selects candidates to lead operational squadrons each year. Currently, the command's senior leaders manually score each eligible officer's record. Senior leaders then evaluate officers who score above a given level, discussing suitability and fit for unit leadership. We developed a deep neural network to assist record scoring in a bias-aware process, utilizing an existing personnel database, generating scores for officer records. While demographics were unbalanced (predominantly white males), our network demonstrated 94% accuracy for candidate selection when compared to the 2020 results, and no significance of gender and race factors, suggesting the approach assist the board during the initial sorting phase. Such a model could free senior leaders from spending valuable time reviewing hundreds of records, instead spending collective time applying knowledge of candidates and squadrons to ensure the command selects high caliber leaders.
■590 ▼aSchool code: 0176.
■650 4▼aHispanic Americans.
■650 4▼aEmergency medical care.
■650 4▼aDrug overdose.
■650 4▼aInteger programming.
■650 4▼aDemographics.
■650 4▼aDecision making.
■650 4▼aNeural networks.
■650 4▼aSettlements & damages.
■650 4▼aTobacco.
■650 4▼aNarcotics.
■650 4▼aIndustrial engineering.
■653 ▼aEquity
■653 ▼aDecision makers
■653 ▼aDecision support systems
■653 ▼aStakeholders
■653 ▼aPharmaceutical manufacturers
■690 ▼a0796
■690 ▼a0454
■690 ▼a0546
■71020▼aThe Pennsylvania State University.
■7730 ▼tDissertations Abstracts International▼g85-03A.
■773 ▼tDissertation Abstract International
■790 ▼a0176
■791 ▼aPh.D.
■792 ▼a2023
■793 ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16933723▼nKERIS▼z이 자료의 원문은 한국교육학술정보원에서 제공합니다.
■980 ▼a202402▼f2024