자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0016933721

International Standard Book Number  

9798380257848

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

630

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Cibotti, Staci.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : The Pennsylvania State University., 2023

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023

Physical Description  

1 online resource(151 p.)

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Schilder, Rudolf J.;Ali, Jared G.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2023.

Restrictions on Access Note  

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Summary, Etc.  

요약Since their introduction in the 1990s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become one of the most widely used classes of insecticides in the world. Their high potency, water solubility, and long half-lives make them effective insecticides; however, these properties have also raised alarm regarding their potential environmental impacts. Neonicotinoids can leach in soil and become systemic in non-target plants. Once assimilated by the plant, they can translocate to floral rewards where they become available to a suite of pollinators. While the adverse effects of neonicotinoid exposure for bees are well documented, their potential impacts on other pollinating insects are not. Like many insect taxa, butterflies have seen substantial reductions in occurrence frequencies in recent decades. One of the most iconic examples of this is the North American monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), which has sustained approximately 80-95% reductions in its' overwintering populations since the 1990s. Landscape-level studies have correlated neonicotinoid insecticide usage with reduced butterfly abundances and population indices for a number of species, including monarch butterflies, indicating that widespread use of these compounds may be contributing to the observed declines. However, a limited number of studies have assessed the morphological, physiological, and behavioral impacts of neonicotinoid exposure for monarchs and other butterfly species.Neonicotinoids can interfere with motor function and are known to reduce flight performance metrics in some other insects. Given that monarchs are a vagile and migratory species, even slight reductions in flight potential could have major implications for survival and reproduction. Neonicotinoids can also alter metabolic rates in some insect species. Such energetic changes could alter resource allocation in ways that impact fuel requirements during flight and migration, reproductive investment, and/or energy reserves necessary for surviving the overwintering period. Furthermore, neonicotinoids can influence host-plant interactions by altering the expression of important plant defense genes, subsequently impacting phytohormone concentrations and plant defense response. These changes in defense induction could impact the survival and performance of monarchs larvae, and ultimately shape plant-herbivore interactions.Therefore, the major aims of my dissertation are to assess whether plant-mediated neonicotinoid exposure 1) affects butterfly flight performance, 2) impacts morphology and physiology across life stages, and 3) alters host-plant defensive chemistry and subsequently plant-herbivore interactions. In chapter one, I discuss the value of improving our understanding of the causal mechanisms underlying insect stress responses across species, time, and trophic levels to develop more targeted tools and strategies for responding to insect population declines. Chapter two examines how adult exposure to field-relevant doses of clothianidin, a widely used neonicotinoid, affects the flight metabolic rate, flight distance, and velocity of monarch and painted lady (Vanessa cardui) butterflies. In chapter three, I quantify monarch utilization of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) plants adjacent to neonicotinoid-treated and untreated corn fields and examine the effects of larval clothianidin exposure on the morphology and physiology of monarchs across life stages, using metabolic rates as proxies for physiological performance. In chapter four, I asses the impacts of clothianidin uptake and metabolism on defense induction and defense characteristics in common milkweed plants. Finally, chapter fivesynthesizes the results of this dissertation, and discusses some remaining questions and potential future directions in this research area.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Agriculture.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Weeds.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Toxicity.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Genetically altered foods.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Endangered & extinct species.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Pesticides.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Wildlife conservation.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Toxicology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Entomology.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Biology.

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Neonicotinoid pesticides

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Neonicotinoid exposure

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Insecticides

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Flight performance

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Monarchs

Index Term-Uncontrolled  

Metabolic rate

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

The Pennsylvania State University.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertation Abstract International

Electronic Location and Access  

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Control Number  

joongbu:640570