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Factors Influencing Susceptibility to Viral Diseases in Plants and Pollinators and the Effects of Plant Virus Infection on Bee Attraction and Nutritional Resources- [electronic resource]
Factors Influencing Susceptibility to Viral Diseases in Plants and Pollinators and the Effects of Plant Virus Infection on Bee Attraction and Nutritional Resources- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0016935393
International Standard Book Number  
9798380724296
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
600
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Hinshaw, Chauncy.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : The Pennsylvania State University., 2023
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
Physical Description  
1 online resource(166 p.)
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-05, Section: B.
General Note  
Advisor: Rosa, Cristina;Lopez-Uribe, Margarita.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2023.
Restrictions on Access Note  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
Summary, Etc.  
요약All types of organisms are susceptible to virus infections. However, many organisms have developed responses to virus infections that allow them to coexist with their parasites. Ultimately, host susceptibility is a result of underlying genetic factors controlling immune responses which lead to different infection outcomes even between closely related hosts. Through genetic bottlenecks and tradeoffs between immunity and traits desirable to humans, artificial selection can have consequences for disease susceptibility. A major goal of this research was to determine how domestication processes can alter host immunity by introducing selection pressures that change host responses and infection outcomes. To address these questions, this research focused on two systems that have long, complex histories of domestication and globalization: the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and squash plants in the genus Cucurbita. This research leveraged multi-year field experiments to characterize host fitness in natural settings and used molecular techniques to quantify immune responses. The results of this work show virus tolerance-defined as reductions in disease while allowing for pathogen replication,-is common in plant and pollinator systems. Additionally, to provide deeper insight into host responses to virus infection in squash plants, RNA sequencing was performed to identify specific transcriptional responses involved with differences in host immunity.Because domestication of honey bees may result in strong selection pressures that are different than the selection pressures faced by unmanaged bees in the wild (feral), we hypothesized that feral bees would have higher disease burdens but also higher levels of immune gene expression. Honey bees from 25 pairs of unmanaged (feral) and managed colonies were collected over two years and assessed for pathogen levels, host immune gene expression, and colony survival. We found that feral bees exhibited higher levels of one of the three pathogens tested and this was associated with increased immune gene expression. We also showed that feral colonies had similar levels of overwintering survival even with higher pathogen burdens, suggesting increased virus tolerance compared to managed honey bees. This work also identified immune genes that were associated with increased overwintering survival in both feral and managed honey bee colonies, providing insight into host-parasite ecology.As host defenses evolve over time, closely related hosts may share defenses contributing to similar levels of disease susceptibility. Thus, in addition to domestication status, host phylogenetic relatedness may also be an important predictor of host susceptibility to viral disease. The second research aim of this dissertation was to determine if either domestication status or host phylogenetic relatedness contribute to differences in susceptibility between squash plant hosts. We used three pairs of domesticated and wild plants in the genus Cucurbita to characterize host phenotypes throughout an entire field season. Plants were inoculated with a combination of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and squash mosaic virus (SqMV). This study was conducted over three years resulting in a robust dataset with over 15 recorded variables related to plant health. Results indicate that domestication is not a driver of susceptibility in this system, but host phylogenetic relatedness is predictive of infection outcomes for many of the traits measured. Also, it was found that virus infection alters the behavior of a specialist pollinator but not a generalist pollinator in this system. Surprisingly, virus infection also decreased pollen production and nectar sugar concentration which has implications for pollinator nutrition. Furthermore, we found that although infection outcomes differed greatly between hosts, viral load did not, providing support for the importance of tolerance in this system. This study also provides evidence that tolerant plant hosts can maintain nearly all measures of fitness in the field, demonstrating that tolerance deserves further consideration as a disease management strategy in agriculture.After thorough characterization of susceptibility of different plant hosts in the field, species with low, medium, and high levels of disease susceptibility were chosen to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying reduced disease susceptibility. We exposed plants to mixed infection of ZYMV and SqMV, a mock-inoculation, or no treatment at three different time points under controlled conditions in a grow room. Tissue from these 81 plants was then sent for RNA sequencing. Results showed that less susceptible hosts had reduced responses in the total number of differentially expressed genes and in the number of defense-related genes. Responses in the least susceptible host also subsided more quickly compared to more susceptible hosts and were effective at reducing the accumulation of ZYMV, while SqMV levels were similar between all hosts. This research suggests that reduced disease susceptibility is characterized by delayed or lower magnitude of responses, which may deprive viruses of necessary factors for replication, and ultimately may limit virus-induced damage. Our results also highlight the importance of early host responses before symptom development for infection outcomes. This dataset provides a valuable resource for further investigating the molecular mechanisms of virus susceptibility in plants, which are largely unknown.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Infections.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Honey.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Pathogens.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Phylogenetics.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Domestication.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Ontology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Disease.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Genomes.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Bees.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Agriculture.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Gene expression.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Parasites.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Seeds.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Insects.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Viruses.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Viral infections.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Plant reproduction.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Entomology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Plant sciences.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Plant pathology.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Pollinators
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Virus infections
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Host susceptibility
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Apis mellifera
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Honey bees
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
The Pennsylvania State University.
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-05B.
Host Item Entry  
Dissertation Abstract International
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
Control Number  
joongbu:640493

MARC

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■1001  ▼aHinshaw,  Chauncy.
■24510▼aFactors  Influencing  Susceptibility  to  Viral  Diseases  in  Plants  and  Pollinators  and  the  Effects  of  Plant  Virus  Infection  on  Bee  Attraction  and  Nutritional  Resources▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bThe  Pennsylvania  State  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(166  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-05,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Rosa,  Cristina;Lopez-Uribe,  Margarita.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Pennsylvania  State  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aAll  types  of  organisms  are  susceptible  to  virus  infections.  However,  many  organisms  have  developed  responses  to  virus  infections  that  allow  them  to  coexist  with  their  parasites.  Ultimately,  host  susceptibility  is  a  result  of  underlying  genetic  factors  controlling  immune  responses  which  lead  to  different  infection  outcomes  even  between  closely  related  hosts.  Through  genetic  bottlenecks  and  tradeoffs  between  immunity  and  traits  desirable  to  humans,  artificial  selection  can  have  consequences  for  disease  susceptibility.  A  major  goal  of  this  research  was  to  determine  how  domestication  processes  can  alter  host  immunity  by  introducing  selection  pressures  that  change  host  responses  and  infection  outcomes.  To  address  these  questions,  this  research  focused  on  two  systems  that  have  long,  complex  histories  of  domestication  and  globalization:  the  honey  bee  (Apis  mellifera)  and  squash  plants  in  the  genus  Cucurbita.  This  research  leveraged  multi-year  field  experiments  to  characterize  host  fitness  in  natural  settings  and  used  molecular  techniques  to  quantify  immune  responses.  The  results  of  this  work  show  virus  tolerance-defined  as  reductions  in  disease  while  allowing  for  pathogen  replication,-is  common  in  plant  and  pollinator  systems.  Additionally,  to  provide  deeper  insight  into  host  responses  to  virus  infection  in  squash  plants,  RNA  sequencing  was  performed  to  identify  specific  transcriptional  responses  involved  with  differences  in  host  immunity.Because  domestication  of  honey  bees  may  result  in  strong  selection  pressures  that  are  different  than  the  selection  pressures  faced  by  unmanaged  bees  in  the  wild  (feral),  we  hypothesized  that  feral  bees  would  have  higher  disease  burdens  but  also  higher  levels  of  immune  gene  expression.  Honey  bees  from  25  pairs  of  unmanaged  (feral)  and  managed  colonies  were  collected  over  two  years  and  assessed  for  pathogen  levels,  host  immune  gene  expression,  and  colony  survival.  We  found  that  feral  bees  exhibited  higher  levels  of  one  of  the  three  pathogens  tested  and  this  was  associated  with  increased  immune  gene  expression.  We  also  showed  that  feral  colonies  had  similar  levels  of  overwintering  survival  even  with  higher  pathogen  burdens,  suggesting  increased  virus  tolerance  compared  to  managed  honey  bees.  This  work  also  identified  immune  genes  that  were  associated  with  increased  overwintering  survival  in  both  feral  and  managed  honey  bee  colonies,  providing  insight  into  host-parasite  ecology.As  host  defenses  evolve  over  time,  closely  related  hosts  may  share  defenses  contributing  to  similar  levels  of  disease  susceptibility.  Thus,  in  addition  to  domestication  status,  host  phylogenetic  relatedness  may  also  be  an  important  predictor  of  host  susceptibility  to  viral  disease.  The  second  research  aim  of  this  dissertation  was  to  determine  if  either  domestication  status  or  host  phylogenetic  relatedness  contribute  to  differences  in  susceptibility  between  squash  plant  hosts.  We  used  three  pairs  of  domesticated  and  wild  plants  in  the  genus  Cucurbita  to  characterize  host  phenotypes  throughout  an  entire  field  season.  Plants  were  inoculated  with  a  combination  of  zucchini  yellow  mosaic  virus  (ZYMV)  and  squash  mosaic  virus  (SqMV).  This  study  was  conducted  over  three  years  resulting  in  a  robust  dataset  with  over  15  recorded  variables  related  to  plant  health.  Results  indicate  that  domestication  is  not  a  driver  of  susceptibility  in  this  system,  but  host  phylogenetic  relatedness  is  predictive  of  infection  outcomes  for  many  of  the  traits  measured.  Also,  it  was  found  that  virus  infection  alters  the  behavior  of  a  specialist  pollinator  but  not  a  generalist  pollinator  in  this  system.  Surprisingly,  virus  infection  also  decreased  pollen  production  and  nectar  sugar  concentration  which  has  implications  for  pollinator  nutrition.  Furthermore,  we  found  that  although  infection  outcomes  differed  greatly  between  hosts,  viral  load  did  not,  providing  support  for  the  importance  of  tolerance  in  this  system.  This  study  also  provides  evidence  that  tolerant  plant  hosts  can  maintain  nearly  all  measures  of  fitness  in  the  field,  demonstrating  that  tolerance  deserves  further  consideration  as  a  disease  management  strategy  in  agriculture.After  thorough  characterization  of  susceptibility  of  different  plant  hosts  in  the  field,  species  with  low,  medium,  and  high  levels  of  disease  susceptibility  were  chosen  to  investigate  molecular  mechanisms  underlying  reduced  disease  susceptibility.  We  exposed  plants  to  mixed  infection  of  ZYMV  and  SqMV,  a  mock-inoculation,  or  no  treatment  at  three  different  time  points  under  controlled  conditions  in  a  grow  room.  Tissue  from  these  81  plants  was  then  sent  for  RNA  sequencing.  Results  showed  that  less  susceptible  hosts  had  reduced  responses  in  the  total  number  of  differentially  expressed  genes  and  in  the  number  of  defense-related  genes.  Responses  in  the  least  susceptible  host  also  subsided  more  quickly  compared  to  more  susceptible  hosts  and  were  effective  at  reducing  the  accumulation  of  ZYMV,  while  SqMV  levels  were  similar  between  all  hosts.  This  research  suggests  that  reduced  disease  susceptibility  is  characterized  by  delayed  or  lower  magnitude  of  responses,  which  may  deprive  viruses  of  necessary  factors  for  replication,  and  ultimately  may  limit  virus-induced  damage.  Our  results  also  highlight  the  importance  of  early  host  responses  before  symptom  development  for  infection  outcomes.  This  dataset  provides  a  valuable  resource  for  further  investigating  the  molecular  mechanisms  of  virus  susceptibility  in  plants,  which  are  largely  unknown.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0176.
■650  4▼aInfections.
■650  4▼aHoney.
■650  4▼aPathogens.
■650  4▼aPhylogenetics.
■650  4▼aDomestication.
■650  4▼aOntology.
■650  4▼aDisease.
■650  4▼aGenomes.
■650  4▼aBees.
■650  4▼aAgriculture.
■650  4▼aGene  expression.
■650  4▼aParasites.
■650  4▼aSeeds.
■650  4▼aInsects.
■650  4▼aViruses.
■650  4▼aViral  infections.
■650  4▼aPlant  reproduction.
■650  4▼aEntomology.
■650  4▼aPlant  sciences.
■650  4▼aPlant  pathology.
■653    ▼aPollinators  
■653    ▼aVirus  infections
■653    ▼aHost  susceptibility
■653    ▼aApis  mellifera
■653    ▼aHoney  bees
■690    ▼a0473
■690    ▼a0480
■690    ▼a0353
■690    ▼a0479
■71020▼aThe  Pennsylvania  State  University.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-05B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0176
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16935393▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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