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Antibiotic Independent Approaches to Control Salmonella and Campylobacter in Poultry- [electronic resource]
Antibiotic Independent Approaches to Control Salmonella and Campylobacter in Poultry- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0016935482
International Standard Book Number  
9798380183406
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
576
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Closs, Gary, Jr.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : The Ohio State University., 2021
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021
Physical Description  
1 online resource(198 p.)
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-03, Section: B.
General Note  
Advisor: Rajashekara, Gireesh.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2021.
Restrictions on Access Note  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
Summary, Etc.  
요약Salmonella and Campylobacter are leading bacterial agents both nationally and globally, making them high public health concerns. Both are significant important zoonotic pathogens commonly found in livestock. Poultry and poultry products are the most common sources of human infections. Infected poultry show little to no clinical signs, and risk the chance of entering the food system, potentially contaminating consumers. Direct links between the high load of bacteria in the chicken intestinal tract and the high contamination of poultry carcasses support the need for pre-harvest control. Previously, antibiotics were used to control bacterial infections and growth; but increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has caused laws and practices to shift. Targeting the control of foodborne pathogens in the pre-harvest stage can improve animal welfare and public health. Alternative treatment methods are needed to combat Salmonella and Campylobacter in production animals, improve antibiotic stewardship, and subsequently strengthen the economy.We discovered the antimicrobial efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb12) in vitro. More importantly, we showed LGG significantly reduced Salmonella in the chicken cecum by 1.9 logs (P0.001) at 10 days post infection. LGG was also able to inhibit the growth/ presence of other food safety significant Salmonella serovars in an agar well diffusion assay. Characterization of antibacterial activity of LGG revealed that although organic acids are present, the most crucial part of inhibition are the heat and protease stable peptides that were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).After which, we tested the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) derived small peptides (P1-NPSRQERR, P2- PDENK, and P4-MLNERVK) against Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) in chickens and examined their antibacterial effects against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and other Salmonella serovars in vitro. The antagonistic effects of peptides were heat and protease resistant and antibacterial activity is likely due to their effect on Salmonella membranes. Although, P1, P2, and P4 inhibited ST, SE, and other Salmonella serovars in vitro at 18mM, 15mM, and 18mM respectively, they did not affect the growth of Gram-positive commensal bacteria. P1and P2 at 50mg/kg successfully reduced the colonization of ST by 2.2 logs and 1.8 logs, respectively (P 0.05), in chickens 7 days post infection. P1, P2, or P4 had no adverse effects on chicken cecum microbial communities, but birds not treated and challenged with Salmonella showed differences in microbial richness and evenness compared to the unchallenged birds. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy revealed that peptides attacked the membrane of Salmonella causing its flaccidity, sloughing, or disruption.Lastly, we analyzed the ability of Salmonella Typhimurium derived recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASV) to reduce the colonization of C. jejuni in chickens. One-day-old Salmonella and Campylobacter free chickens were orally immunized with RASV constructs (2x108 CFU/ bird), and a booster was given 10 days later. Birds were challenged with a cocktail of 5 C. jejuni strains on day 18. Colonization load was determined by enumerating C. jejuni in the cecum of the birds. Four trials were conducted analyzing the RASVs effect on Campylobacter load in the cecum. Our data suggested that vaccine efficacy was dependent on amount of challenge dose and antigens present in vaccine. RASV90+201 and RASV131 showed consistent reduction across trials 2,3, and 4. The best reduction in Campylobacter load occurred in trial 3 with 103 Campylobacter challenge dose. At 17 days post infection, pG8R-86 (cjaA), pG8R90+201 (FlaA), and pG8R-131 (FlaA) low challenge dose groups yielded significant reductions in Campylobacter load (approximately 3.7, 2.4, and 1.7 logs, respectively, compared to vector control). Additionally, in multiple trials RASV-90 showed a significant induction of IgY antibody titers compared to the untreated and unchallenged vector control group.Overall, these studies revealed that antibiotic independent novel therapeutics and vaccines are promising alternatives to control Salmonella and Campylobacter in chickens.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Microbiology.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Food science.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Probiotics
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Salmonella vaccines
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Typhimurium
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Campylobacter
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Chickens
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Bacterial agents
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
The Ohio State University Food Science and Technology
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-03B.
Host Item Entry  
Dissertation Abstract International
Electronic Location and Access  
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Control Number  
joongbu:640328

MARC

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■1001  ▼aCloss,  Gary,  Jr.
■24510▼aAntibiotic  Independent  Approaches  to  Control  Salmonella  and  Campylobacter  in  Poultry▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bThe  Ohio  State  University.  ▼c2021
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2021
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(198  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  85-03,  Section:  B.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Rajashekara,  Gireesh.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--The  Ohio  State  University,  2021.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■520    ▼aSalmonella  and  Campylobacter  are  leading  bacterial  agents  both  nationally  and  globally,  making  them  high  public  health  concerns.  Both  are  significant  important  zoonotic  pathogens  commonly  found  in  livestock.  Poultry  and  poultry  products  are  the  most  common  sources  of  human  infections.  Infected  poultry  show  little  to  no  clinical  signs,  and  risk  the  chance  of  entering  the  food  system,  potentially  contaminating  consumers.  Direct  links  between  the  high  load  of  bacteria  in  the  chicken  intestinal  tract  and  the  high  contamination  of  poultry  carcasses  support  the  need  for  pre-harvest  control.  Previously,  antibiotics  were  used  to  control  bacterial  infections  and  growth;  but  increasing  occurrence  of  antibiotic  resistant  bacteria  has  caused  laws  and  practices  to  shift.  Targeting  the  control  of  foodborne  pathogens  in  the  pre-harvest  stage  can  improve  animal  welfare  and  public  health.  Alternative  treatment  methods  are  needed  to  combat  Salmonella  and  Campylobacter  in  production  animals,  improve  antibiotic  stewardship,  and  subsequently  strengthen  the  economy.We  discovered  the  antimicrobial  efficacy  of  Lactobacillus  acidophilus  (LA),  Lactobacillus  rhamnosus  GG  (LGG),  and  Bifidobacterium  animalis  subsp.  lactis  (Bb12)  in  vitro.  More  importantly,  we  showed  LGG  significantly  reduced  Salmonella  in  the  chicken  cecum  by  1.9  logs  (P0.001)  at  10  days  post  infection.  LGG  was  also  able  to  inhibit  the  growth/  presence  of  other  food  safety  significant  Salmonella  serovars  in  an  agar  well  diffusion  assay.  Characterization  of  antibacterial  activity  of  LGG  revealed  that  although  organic  acids  are  present,  the  most  crucial  part  of  inhibition  are  the  heat  and  protease  stable  peptides  that  were  identified  using  liquid  chromatography-tandem  mass  spectrometry  (LC-MS/MS).After  which,  we  tested  the  efficacy  of  Lactobacillus  rhamnosus  GG  (LGG)  derived  small  peptides  (P1-NPSRQERR,  P2-  PDENK,  and  P4-MLNERVK)  against  Salmonella  Typhimurium  (ST)  in  chickens  and  examined  their  antibacterial  effects  against  Salmonella  Enteritidis  (SE)  and  other  Salmonella  serovars  in  vitro.  The  antagonistic  effects  of  peptides  were  heat  and  protease  resistant  and  antibacterial  activity  is  likely  due  to  their  effect  on  Salmonella  membranes.  Although,  P1,  P2,  and  P4  inhibited  ST,  SE,  and  other  Salmonella  serovars  in  vitro  at  18mM,  15mM,  and  18mM  respectively,  they  did  not  affect  the  growth  of  Gram-positive  commensal  bacteria.  P1and  P2  at  50mg/kg  successfully  reduced  the  colonization  of  ST  by  2.2  logs  and  1.8  logs,  respectively  (P  0.05),  in  chickens  7  days  post  infection.  P1,  P2,  or  P4  had  no  adverse  effects  on  chicken  cecum  microbial  communities,  but  birds  not  treated  and  challenged  with  Salmonella  showed  differences  in  microbial  richness  and  evenness  compared  to  the  unchallenged  birds.  Confocal  and  transmission  electron  microscopy  revealed  that  peptides  attacked  the  membrane  of  Salmonella  causing  its  flaccidity,  sloughing,  or  disruption.Lastly,  we  analyzed  the  ability  of  Salmonella  Typhimurium  derived  recombinant  attenuated  Salmonella  vaccines  (RASV)  to  reduce  the  colonization  of  C.  jejuni  in  chickens.  One-day-old  Salmonella  and  Campylobacter  free  chickens  were  orally  immunized  with  RASV  constructs  (2x108  CFU/  bird),  and  a  booster  was  given  10  days  later.  Birds  were  challenged  with  a  cocktail  of  5  C.  jejuni  strains  on  day  18.  Colonization  load  was  determined  by  enumerating  C.  jejuni  in  the  cecum  of  the  birds.  Four  trials  were  conducted  analyzing  the  RASVs  effect  on  Campylobacter  load  in  the  cecum.  Our  data  suggested  that  vaccine  efficacy  was  dependent  on  amount  of  challenge  dose  and  antigens  present  in  vaccine.  RASV90+201  and  RASV131  showed  consistent  reduction  across  trials  2,3,  and  4.  The  best  reduction  in  Campylobacter  load  occurred  in  trial  3  with  103  Campylobacter  challenge  dose.  At  17  days  post  infection,  pG8R-86  (cjaA),  pG8R90+201  (FlaA),  and  pG8R-131  (FlaA)  low  challenge  dose  groups  yielded  significant  reductions  in  Campylobacter  load  (approximately  3.7,  2.4,  and  1.7  logs,  respectively,  compared  to  vector  control).  Additionally,  in  multiple  trials  RASV-90  showed  a  significant  induction  of  IgY  antibody  titers  compared  to  the  untreated  and  unchallenged  vector  control  group.Overall,  these  studies  revealed  that  antibiotic  independent  novel  therapeutics  and  vaccines  are  promising  alternatives  to  control  Salmonella  and  Campylobacter  in  chickens.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0168.
■650  4▼aMicrobiology.
■650  4▼aFood  science.
■653    ▼aProbiotics
■653    ▼aSalmonella  vaccines
■653    ▼aTyphimurium
■653    ▼aCampylobacter
■653    ▼aChickens
■653    ▼aBacterial  agents
■653    ▼aLactobacillus  acidophilus
■690    ▼a0359
■690    ▼a0410
■690    ▼a0778
■71020▼aThe  Ohio  State  University▼bFood  Science  and  Technology.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g85-03B.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0168
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2021
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16935482▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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