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Essays on the Human Capital and Occupational Choices of Adolescents- [electronic resource]
Essays on the Human Capital and Occupational Choices of Adolescents- [electronic resource]

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자료유형  
 학위논문
Control Number  
0016931793
International Standard Book Number  
9798379711597
Dewey Decimal Classification Number  
370
Main Entry-Personal Name  
Deneault, Christa.
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
[S.l.] : Cornell University., 2023
Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  
Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023
Physical Description  
1 online resource(248 p.)
General Note  
Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-12, Section: A.
General Note  
Advisor: Fitzpatrick, Maria.
Dissertation Note  
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University, 2023.
Restrictions on Access Note  
This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
Restrictions on Access Note  
This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
Summary, Etc.  
요약Human capital attainment at the extensive or intensive margin has large and long-term consequences for individuals. Oftentimes these decisions and preferences are made or formed during youth and young adulthood. In this dissertation, I study three factors that have potential to influence adolescents' education and career decisions. In the first chapter, I track individuals from high school through college to the workforce using Texas administrative data to determine the effects of local labor markets on selection into teaching. I find that local labor market conditions are countercyclical with selection into teaching. I also show that these local labor market conditions have the largest influence when experienced during high school. On average, individuals who sort into teaching because of poor local labor market conditions are of higher ability (standardized tests) and have higher value-added. Further, poor local labor market conditions drive individuals toward certification in at least one shortage area (bilingual/ESL) and weakly away from general elementary studies. The results are consistent with updated beliefs over employment probabilities or changes to risk preferences such that teaching is perceived as a relatively more stable career path. The findings suggest that local labor market fluctuations shape career decisions well before participation in the labor market, and that increasing the relative economic standing of teaching as a career has the potential to improve the future supply of teachers. In the second chapter, I estimate the impact of a Louisiana state policy that mandated FAFSA applications as a high school graduation requirement. I find significant increases in FAFSA completion rates (19 percentage points), and my estimates imply an increase of 1-2 percentage points in college enrollment. There is suggestive evidence that these effects were more concentrated among lower-income students/schools and merit-based state financial aid applications also increased. The design of this mandate implies that pushing students into action may be more effective than informational nudges and that localized support systems such as counselors are important for the success of a top-down policy. In the third chapter, I study the effects of birth control and abortion access on educational attainment and college major choice. Using the rollout of early access to birth control laws across states and time, previous work has suggested that birth control increases educational attainment and entry into professional occupations for women, likely due to the ability to delay childbirth and marriage (Goldin and Katz, 2002; Hock et al., 2007; Bailey et al., 2012). I revisit this work using newly defined legal coding and heterogeneous robust estimators to determine whether reproductive control has an effect on educational outcomes for women. With American Community Survey data, I find the effect of early access to birth control on college completion is not robust to the use of event studies or heterogeneous robust estimators in contrast with other TWFE methods. I also do not find sufficient evidence early access to birth control affects the propensity to select male-dominated college majors. Finally, there are significant pre-trends in abortion laws that question the use of their rollout across states and time in differences-in-differences specifications.
Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  
Education.
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Birth control
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Educational attainment
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
FAFSA
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Local labor markets
Index Term-Uncontrolled  
Teacher
Added Entry-Corporate Name  
Cornell University Economics
Host Item Entry  
Dissertations Abstracts International. 84-12A.
Host Item Entry  
Dissertation Abstract International
Electronic Location and Access  
로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.
Control Number  
joongbu:640218

MARC

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■1001  ▼aDeneault,  Christa.▼0(orcid)0000-0002-3089-0484
■24510▼aEssays  on  the  Human  Capital  and  Occupational  Choices  of  Adolescents▼h[electronic  resource]
■260    ▼a[S.l.]▼bCornell  University.  ▼c2023
■260  1▼aAnn  Arbor▼bProQuest  Dissertations  &  Theses▼c2023
■300    ▼a1  online  resource(248  p.)
■500    ▼aSource:  Dissertations  Abstracts  International,  Volume:  84-12,  Section:  A.
■500    ▼aAdvisor:  Fitzpatrick,  Maria.
■5021  ▼aThesis  (Ph.D.)--Cornell  University,  2023.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  sold  to  any  third  party  vendors.
■506    ▼aThis  item  must  not  be  added  to  any  third  party  search  indexes.
■520    ▼aHuman  capital  attainment  at  the  extensive  or  intensive  margin  has  large  and  long-term  consequences  for  individuals.  Oftentimes  these  decisions  and  preferences  are  made  or  formed  during  youth  and  young  adulthood.  In  this  dissertation,  I  study  three  factors  that  have  potential  to  influence  adolescents'  education  and  career  decisions.  In  the  first  chapter,  I  track  individuals  from  high  school  through  college  to  the  workforce  using  Texas  administrative  data  to  determine  the  effects  of  local  labor  markets  on  selection  into  teaching.  I  find  that  local  labor  market  conditions  are  countercyclical  with  selection  into  teaching.  I  also  show  that  these  local  labor  market  conditions  have  the  largest  influence  when  experienced  during  high  school.  On  average,  individuals  who  sort  into  teaching  because  of  poor  local  labor  market  conditions  are  of  higher  ability  (standardized  tests)  and  have  higher  value-added.  Further,  poor  local  labor  market  conditions  drive  individuals  toward  certification  in  at  least  one  shortage  area  (bilingual/ESL)  and  weakly  away  from  general  elementary  studies.  The  results  are  consistent  with  updated  beliefs  over  employment  probabilities  or  changes  to  risk  preferences  such  that  teaching  is  perceived  as  a  relatively  more  stable  career  path.  The  findings  suggest  that  local  labor  market  fluctuations  shape  career  decisions  well  before  participation  in  the  labor  market,  and  that  increasing  the  relative  economic  standing  of  teaching  as  a  career  has  the  potential  to  improve  the  future  supply  of  teachers.  In  the  second  chapter,  I  estimate  the  impact  of  a  Louisiana  state  policy  that  mandated  FAFSA  applications  as  a  high  school  graduation  requirement.  I  find  significant  increases  in  FAFSA  completion  rates  (19  percentage  points),  and  my  estimates  imply  an  increase  of  1-2  percentage  points  in  college  enrollment.  There  is  suggestive  evidence  that  these  effects  were  more  concentrated  among  lower-income  students/schools  and  merit-based  state  financial  aid  applications  also  increased.  The  design  of  this  mandate  implies  that  pushing  students  into  action  may  be  more  effective  than  informational  nudges  and  that  localized  support  systems  such  as  counselors  are  important  for  the  success  of  a  top-down  policy.  In  the  third  chapter,  I  study  the  effects  of  birth  control  and  abortion  access  on  educational  attainment  and  college  major  choice.  Using  the  rollout  of  early  access  to  birth  control  laws  across  states  and  time,  previous  work  has  suggested  that  birth  control  increases  educational  attainment  and  entry  into  professional  occupations  for  women,  likely  due  to  the  ability  to  delay  childbirth  and  marriage  (Goldin  and  Katz,  2002;  Hock  et  al.,  2007;  Bailey  et  al.,  2012).  I  revisit  this  work  using  newly  defined  legal  coding  and  heterogeneous  robust  estimators  to  determine  whether  reproductive  control  has  an  effect  on  educational  outcomes  for  women.  With  American  Community  Survey  data,  I  find  the  effect  of  early  access  to  birth  control  on  college  completion  is  not  robust  to  the  use  of  event  studies  or  heterogeneous  robust  estimators  in  contrast  with  other  TWFE  methods.  I  also  do  not  find  sufficient  evidence  early  access  to  birth  control  affects  the  propensity  to  select  male-dominated  college  majors.  Finally,  there  are  significant  pre-trends  in  abortion  laws  that  question  the  use  of  their  rollout  across  states  and  time  in  differences-in-differences  specifications.
■590    ▼aSchool  code:  0058.
■650  4▼aEducation.
■653    ▼aBirth  control
■653    ▼aEducational  attainment
■653    ▼aFAFSA
■653    ▼aLocal  labor  markets
■653    ▼aTeacher
■690    ▼a0501
■690    ▼a0510
■690    ▼a0515
■71020▼aCornell  University▼bEconomics.
■7730  ▼tDissertations  Abstracts  International▼g84-12A.
■773    ▼tDissertation  Abstract  International
■790    ▼a0058
■791    ▼aPh.D.
■792    ▼a2023
■793    ▼aEnglish
■85640▼uhttp://www.riss.kr/pdu/ddodLink.do?id=T16931793▼nKERIS▼z이  자료의  원문은  한국교육학술정보원에서  제공합니다.
■980    ▼a202402▼f2024

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