자료유형  

 학위논문

Control Number  

0016934557

International Standard Book Number  

9798380483636

Dewey Decimal Classification Number  

500

Main Entry-Personal Name  

Pousada, Ana Beatriz Ract.

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

[S.l.] : Stanford University., 2023

Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint  

Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023

Physical Description  

1 online resource(181 p.)

General Note  

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.

General Note  

Advisor: Hoxby, Caroline Minter.

Dissertation Note  

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University, 2023.

Restrictions on Access Note  

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Summary, Etc.  

요약This dissertation has three chapters that leverage natural experiments to provide causal evidence on labor market policies. The first chapter focuses on policies aimed at low-wage workers. The second and third chapters focus on the impact of immigration policy on the host country's labor market.The first chapter provides causal evidence on the effect of implementing or increasing a wage floor (an occupation-specific minimum wage) on the wage difference between outsourced, insourced, and informal workers, the employment of outsourced and insourced workers, and the size of the informal labor market. To do so, I use matched employer-employee data from Brazil focusing on the labor market for cleaning workers. Brazil has regional occupation-specific wage floors that increased in response to yearly federal minimum wage increases that affected all regions and occupations starting in 2000. Since regions with lower wage floors were much more affected, to estimate the causal effect, I compare regions with lower wage floors in 1999 against regions with higher wage floors in 1999. Estimation results show that a 23% wage floor increase, the average real increase between 2000 and 2010, decreases the outsourced wage penalty in half. This reduction in the wage gap makes outsourced workers relatively more expensive than insourced workers, which reduces outsourcing employment by 70%. The majority of this reduction in outsourced worker employment comes from less entry of new outsourced workers or from workers transferring into formal jobs in other occupations, and only the minority comes from workers leaving the formal labor market. Finally, I find no significant effect on informal worker employment and a 40% reduction in the informal wage penalty.The second chapter characterizes the contribution of immigrants to US innovation. Leveraging new data, we use age of SSN assignment to identify immigrant status. Immigrants represent 16 percent of inventors, but authored 23 percent of patents. Immigrant inventors contribute to knowledge diffusion across borders. They disproportionately rely on foreign technologies and inventor collaborations, and are cited more abroad. Using variation from premature inventor deaths, we find immigrant inventors create stronger innovation productivity spillovers on their collaborators, as compared to US-born inventors. A simple model implies immigrants are responsible for 36 percent of aggregate innovation, two-thirds due to innovation externalities on US-born collaboratorsFinally, the third chapter estimates if the large influx of immigrants to Brazil between 1870 and 1920 contributed to the decline in women's participation in manufacturing employment that happened during the same period. To do so, I assemble a novel country-wide data set that covers employment by gender and industry for the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in Brazil. To estimate the causal effect, I used a shift-share instrument similar to Card (2001). It predicts the influx of immigrants by assuming that immigrants of a specific nationality are more likely to settle in states that already have a large population from their home country. My results show that if the immigration rate were to increase by 28.83 percentage points (one standard deviation) the change in the proportion of women working in manufacturing between 1872 and 1920 would have increased from -14.6 to -6.2 percentage points. This indicates that, counter-intuitively, the increase in immigration actually slowed down the decline in women's labor force participation in manufacturing.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Decomposition.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Dependent variables.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Occupations.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Mathematical problems.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Inventors.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Immigrants.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Immigration.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Census of Population.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Industrial engineering.

Subject Added Entry-Topical Term  

Mathematics.

Added Entry-Corporate Name  

Stanford University.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertations Abstracts International. 85-04B.

Host Item Entry  

Dissertation Abstract International

Electronic Location and Access  

로그인을 한후 보실 수 있는 자료입니다.

Control Number  

joongbu:639639